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A Benchmark Approach To Finance

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  • Eckhard Platen

Abstract

This paper derives a unified framework for portfolio optimization, derivative pricing, financial modeling, and risk measurement. It is based on the natural assumption that investors prefer more rather than less, in the sense that given two portfolios with the same diffusion coefficient value, the one with the higher drift is preferred. Each such investor is shown to hold an efficient portfolio in the sense of Markowitz with units in the market portfolio and the savings account. The market portfolio of investable wealth is shown to equal a combination of the growth optimal portfolio (GOP) and the savings account. In this setup the capital asset pricing model follows without the use of expected utility functions, Markovianity, or equilibrium assumptions. The expected increase of the discounted value of the GOP is shown to coincide with the expected increase of its discounted underlying value. The discounted GOP has the dynamics of a time transformed squared Bessel process of dimension four. The time transformation is given by the discounted underlying value of the GOP. The squared volatility of the GOP equals the discounted GOP drift, when expressed in units of the discounted GOP. Risk‐neutral derivative pricing and actuarial pricing are generalized by the fair pricing concept, which uses the GOP as numeraire and the real‐world probability measure as pricing measure. An equivalent risk‐neutral martingale measure does not exist under the derived minimal market model.

Suggested Citation

  • Eckhard Platen, 2006. "A Benchmark Approach To Finance," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(1), pages 131-151, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:mathfi:v:16:y:2006:i:1:p:131-151
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9965.2006.00265.x
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    1. David Heath & Eckhard Platen, 2004. "Understanding the Implied Volatility Surface for Options on a Diversified Index," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 11(1), pages 55-77, March.
    2. Dirk Becherer, 2001. "The numeraire portfolio for unbounded semimartingales," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 327-341.
    3. Stephen A. Ross, 2013. "The Arbitrage Theory of Capital Asset Pricing," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Leonard C MacLean & William T Ziemba (ed.), HANDBOOK OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING Part I, chapter 1, pages 11-30, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    4. Merton, Robert C, 1973. "An Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 41(5), pages 867-887, September.
    5. I. Bajeux-Besnainou & R. Portait, 1997. "The numeraire portfolio: a new perspective on financial theory," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(4), pages 291-309.
    6. Harrison, J. Michael & Pliska, Stanley R., 1981. "Martingales and stochastic integrals in the theory of continuous trading," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 215-260, August.
    7. William F. Sharpe, 1964. "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 19(3), pages 425-442, September.
    8. Eckhard Platen, 2004. "A Benchmark Framework for Risk Management," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Jiro Akahori & Shigeyoshi Ogawa & Shinzo Watanabe (ed.), Stochastic Processes And Applications To Mathematical Finance, chapter 15, pages 305-335, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    9. L. C. G. Rogers, 1997. "The Potential Approach to the Term Structure of Interest Rates and Foreign Exchange Rates," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(2), pages 157-176, April.
    10. Eckhard Platen, 2004. "Modeling The Volatility And Expected Value Of A Diversified World Index," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 7(04), pages 511-529.
    11. Platen, Eckhard, 2000. "A minimal financial market model," SFB 373 Discussion Papers 2000,91, Humboldt University of Berlin, Interdisciplinary Research Project 373: Quantification and Simulation of Economic Processes.
    12. Eckhard Platen, 2003. "Pricing and Hedging for Incomplete Jump Diffusion Benchmark Models," Research Paper Series 110, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
    13. Long, John Jr., 1990. "The numeraire portfolio," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 29-69, July.
    14. Eckhard Platen, 2001. "Arbitrage in Continuous Complete Markets," Research Paper Series 72, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing

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