IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/jrinsu/v90y2023i2p329-380.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Capital requirements and claims recovery: A new perspective on solvency regulation

Author

Listed:
  • Cosimo Munari
  • Stefan Weber
  • Lutz Wilhelmy

Abstract

Protection of creditors is a key objective of financial regulation. Where the protection needs are high, that is, in banking and insurance, regulatory solvency requirements are an instrument to prevent that creditors incur losses on their claims. The current regulatory requirements based on value at risk (V@R) and average value at risk (AV@R) limit the probability of default of financial institutions, but they fail to control the size of recovery on creditors' claims in the case of default. We resolve this failure by developing a novel risk measure, recovery V@R. Our conceptual approach is flexible and allows the construction of general recovery risk measures for various risk management purposes. We provide detailed case studies and applications. We show that recovery risk measures can be used for performance‐based management of business divisions of firms and discuss how to calibrate recovery risk measures to historical regulatory standards. Finally, we analyze how recovery risk measures react to the joint distributions of assets and liabilities on firms' balance sheets and compare the corresponding capital requirements with the current regulatory benchmarks based on V@R and AV@R.

Suggested Citation

  • Cosimo Munari & Stefan Weber & Lutz Wilhelmy, 2023. "Capital requirements and claims recovery: A new perspective on solvency regulation," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 90(2), pages 329-380, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jrinsu:v:90:y:2023:i:2:p:329-380
    DOI: 10.1111/jori.12405
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jori.12405
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/jori.12405?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Frittelli, Marco & Rosazza Gianin, Emanuela, 2002. "Putting order in risk measures," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(7), pages 1473-1486, July.
    2. David B. Brown & Enrico De Giorgi & Melvyn Sim, 2012. "Aspirational Preferences and Their Representation by Risk Measures," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(11), pages 2095-2113, November.
    3. Robert J. Aumann & Roberto Serrano, 2008. "An Economic Index of Riskiness," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 116(5), pages 810-836, October.
    4. Valeria Bignozzi & Matteo Burzoni & Cosimo Munari, 2020. "Risk Measures Based on Benchmark Loss Distributions," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 87(2), pages 437-475, June.
    5. Duffie, Darrell & Singleton, Kenneth J, 1999. "Modeling Term Structures of Defaultable Bonds," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 12(4), pages 687-720.
    6. Carole Bernard & Ludger Rüschendorf & Steven Vanduffel & Ruodu Wang, 2017. "Risk bounds for factor models," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 631-659, July.
    7. Paul Embrechts & Haiyan Liu & Tiantian Mao & Ruodu Wang, 2017. "Quantile-Based Risk Sharing with Heterogeneous Beliefs," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 17-65, Swiss Finance Institute, revised Jan 2018.
    8. Walter Farkas & Pablo Koch-Medina & Cosimo Munari, 2014. "Beyond cash-additive risk measures: when changing the numéraire fails," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 145-173, January.
    9. Michael Kalkbrener, 2005. "An Axiomatic Approach To Capital Allocation," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(3), pages 425-437, July.
    10. Dean P. Foster & Sergiu Hart, 2009. "An Operational Measure of Riskiness," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 117(5), pages 785-814.
    11. Artzner, Philippe & Delbaen, Freddy & Koch-Medina, Pablo, 2009. "Risk Measures and Efficient use of Capital 1," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 39(1), pages 101-116, May.
    12. Jun Cai & Haiyan Liu & Ruodu Wang, 2018. "Asymptotic Equivalence Of Risk Measures Under Dependence Uncertainty," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(1), pages 29-49, January.
    13. Ivashina, Victoria & Iverson, Benjamin & Smith, David C., 2016. "The ownership and trading of debt claims in Chapter 11 restructurings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(2), pages 316-335.
    14. Markus Huggenberger & Peter Albrecht, 2022. "Risk pooling and solvency regulation: A policyholder's perspective," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 89(4), pages 907-950, December.
    15. Jankowitsch, Rainer & Nagler, Florian & Subrahmanyam, Marti G., 2014. "The determinants of recovery rates in the US corporate bond market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(1), pages 155-177.
    16. Khieu, Hinh D. & Mullineaux, Donald J. & Yi, Ha-Chin, 2012. "The determinants of bank loan recovery rates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 923-933.
    17. Weber, Stefan, 2018. "Solvency II, or how to sweep the downside risk under the carpet," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 191-200.
    18. Tomasz R. Bielecki & Igor Cialenco & Marcin Pitera, 2016. "A survey of time consistency of dynamic risk measures and dynamic performance measures in discrete time: LM-measure perspective," Papers 1603.09030, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2017.
    19. Niushan Gao & Denny Leung & Cosimo Munari & Foivos Xanthos, 2018. "Fatou property, representations, and extensions of law-invariant risk measures on general Orlicz spaces," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 395-415, April.
    20. Acerbi, Carlo & Tasche, Dirk, 2002. "On the coherence of expected shortfall," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(7), pages 1487-1503, July.
    21. Jan Dhaene & Andreas Tsanakas & Emiliano A. Valdez & Steven Vanduffel, 2012. "Optimal Capital Allocation Principles," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 79(1), pages 1-28, March.
    22. Koch-Medina, Pablo & Munari, Cosimo, 2016. "Unexpected shortfalls of Expected Shortfall: Extreme default profiles and regulatory arbitrage," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 141-151.
    23. E. Kromer & L. Overbeck & K. Zilch, 2016. "Systemic risk measures on general measurable spaces," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 84(2), pages 323-357, October.
    24. Xin Guo & Robert A. Jarrow & Yan Zeng, 2009. "Modeling The Recovery Rate In A Reduced Form Model," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(1), pages 73-97, January.
    25. Jones, David, 2000. "Emerging problems with the Basel Capital Accord: Regulatory capital arbitrage and related issues," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(1-2), pages 35-58, January.
    26. Edward I. Altman & Brooks Brady & Andrea Resti & Andrea Sironi, 2005. "The Link between Default and Recovery Rates: Theory, Empirical Evidence, and Implications," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 78(6), pages 2203-2228, November.
    27. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    28. Daniel Bauer & George Zanjani, 2016. "The Marginal Cost of Risk, Risk Measures, and Capital Allocation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 62(5), pages 1431-1457, May.
    29. Embrechts, Paul & Puccetti, Giovanni & Rüschendorf, Ludger, 2013. "Model uncertainty and VaR aggregation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 2750-2764.
    30. Bernard, Carole & Jiang, Xiao & Wang, Ruodu, 2014. "Risk aggregation with dependence uncertainty," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 93-108.
    31. Damir Filipović & Gregor Svindland, 2008. "Optimal capital and risk allocations for law- and cash-invariant convex functions," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 423-439, July.
    32. Hans Föllmer & Stefan Weber, 2015. "The Axiomatic Approach to Risk Measures for Capital Determination," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 301-337, December.
    33. Christiansen, Marcus C. & Niemeyer, Andreas, 2014. "Fundamental Definition Of The Solvency Capital Requirement In Solvency Ii," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 44(3), pages 501-533, September.
    34. Samuel Drapeau & Michael Kupper, 2013. "Risk Preferences and Their Robust Representation," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 38(1), pages 28-62, February.
    35. Walter Farkas & Pablo Koch-Medina & Cosimo Munari, 2012. "Beyond cash-additive risk measures: when changing the num\'{e}raire fails," Papers 1206.0478, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2014.
    36. Francesca Biagini & Jean‐Pierre Fouque & Marco Frittelli & Thilo Meyer‐Brandis, 2019. "A unified approach to systemic risk measures via acceptance sets," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(1), pages 329-367, January.
    37. Alexander Cherny & Dilip Madan, 2009. "New Measures for Performance Evaluation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(7), pages 2371-2406, July.
    38. Chen Chen & Garud Iyengar & Ciamac C. Moallemi, 2013. "An Axiomatic Approach to Systemic Risk," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(6), pages 1373-1388, June.
    39. Hans Föllmer & Alexander Schied, 2002. "Convex measures of risk and trading constraints," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 429-447.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cosimo Munari & Lutz Wilhelmy & Stefan Weber, 2021. "Capital Requirements and Claims Recovery: A New Perspective on Solvency Regulation," Papers 2107.10635, arXiv.org.
    2. Alessandro Doldi & Marco Frittelli, 2021. "Real-Valued Systemic Risk Measures," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-24, April.
    3. Ruodu Wang & Ričardas Zitikis, 2021. "An Axiomatic Foundation for the Expected Shortfall," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(3), pages 1413-1429, March.
    4. Erio Castagnoli & Giacomo Cattelan & Fabio Maccheroni & Claudio Tebaldi & Ruodu Wang, 2021. "Star-shaped Risk Measures," Papers 2103.15790, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2022.
    5. Wang, Wei & Xu, Huifu & Ma, Tiejun, 2023. "Optimal scenario-dependent multivariate shortfall risk measure and its application in risk capital allocation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 306(1), pages 322-347.
    6. Xia Han & Qiuqi Wang & Ruodu Wang & Jianming Xia, 2021. "Cash-subadditive risk measures without quasi-convexity," Papers 2110.12198, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
    7. Ruodu Wang & Yunran Wei & Gordon E. Willmot, 2020. "Characterization, Robustness, and Aggregation of Signed Choquet Integrals," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 45(3), pages 993-1015, August.
    8. Xue Dong He & Xianhua Peng, 2017. "Surplus-Invariant, Law-Invariant, and Conic Acceptance Sets Must be the Sets Induced by Value-at-Risk," Papers 1707.05596, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2018.
    9. Liu, Peng & Wang, Ruodu & Wei, Linxiao, 2020. "Is the inf-convolution of law-invariant preferences law-invariant?," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 144-154.
    10. Shengzhong Chen & Niushan Gao & Denny Leung & Lei Li, 2021. "Automatic Fatou Property of Law-invariant Risk Measures," Papers 2107.08109, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2022.
    11. Gabriele Canna & Francesca Centrone & Emanuela Rosazza Gianin, 2021. "Capital Allocation Rules and the No-Undercut Property," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-13, January.
    12. Samuel Drapeau & Michael Kupper, 2013. "Risk Preferences and Their Robust Representation," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 38(1), pages 28-62, February.
    13. Peng Liu & Andreas Tsanakas & Yunran Wei, 2024. "Risk sharing with Lambda value at risk under heterogeneous beliefs," Papers 2408.03147, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2024.
    14. Maria Arduca & Pablo Koch-Medina & Cosimo Munari, 2019. "Dual representations for systemic risk measures based on acceptance sets," Papers 1906.10933, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2019.
    15. Andreas H Hamel, 2018. "Monetary Measures of Risk," Papers 1812.04354, arXiv.org.
    16. Burzoni, Matteo & Munari, Cosimo & Wang, Ruodu, 2022. "Adjusted Expected Shortfall," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    17. Soren Bettels & Sojung Kim & Stefan Weber, 2022. "Multinomial Backtesting of Distortion Risk Measures," Papers 2201.06319, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2024.
    18. E. Kromer & L. Overbeck & K. Zilch, 2019. "Dynamic systemic risk measures for bounded discrete time processes," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 90(1), pages 77-108, August.
    19. Matteo Burzoni & Cosimo Munari & Ruodu Wang, 2020. "Adjusted Expected Shortfall," Papers 2007.08829, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2021.
    20. Xia Han & Ruodu Wang & Qinyu Wu, 2023. "Monotonic mean-deviation risk measures," Papers 2312.01034, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2024.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:jrinsu:v:90:y:2023:i:2:p:329-380. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ariaaea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.