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Characteristic and necessary minutiae in fingerprints

Author

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  • Johannes Wieditz
  • Yvo Pokern
  • Dominic Schuhmacher
  • Stephan Huckemann

Abstract

Fingerprints feature a ridge pattern with moderately varying ridge frequency (RF), following an orientation field (OF), which usually features some singularities. Additionally at some points, called minutiae, ridge lines end or fork and this point pattern is usually used for fingerprint identification and authentication. Whenever the OF features divergent ridge lines (e.g., near singularities), a nearly constant RF necessitates the generation of more ridge lines, originating at minutiae. We call these the necessary minutiae. It turns out that fingerprints feature additional minutiae which occur at rather arbitrary locations. We call these the random minutiae or, since they may convey fingerprint individuality beyond the OF, the characteristic minutiae. In consequence, the minutiae point pattern is assumed to be a realization of the superposition of two stochastic point processes: a Strauss point process (whose activity function is given by the divergence field) with an additional hard core, and a homogeneous Poisson point process, modelling the necessary and the characteristic minutiae, respectively. We perform Bayesian inference using an Markov‐Chain‐Monte‐Carlo (MCMC)‐based minutiae separating algorithm (MiSeal). In simulations, it provides good mixing and good estimation of underlying parameters. In application to fingerprints, we can separate the two minutiae patterns and verify by example of two different prints with similar OF that characteristic minutiae convey fingerprint individuality.

Suggested Citation

  • Johannes Wieditz & Yvo Pokern & Dominic Schuhmacher & Stephan Huckemann, 2022. "Characteristic and necessary minutiae in fingerprints," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 71(1), pages 27-50, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:jorssc:v:71:y:2022:i:1:p:27-50
    DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12520
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mari Myllymäki & Tomáš Mrkvička & Pavel Grabarnik & Henri Seijo & Ute Hahn, 2017. "Global envelope tests for spatial processes," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 79(2), pages 381-404, March.
    2. Cameron,A. Colin & Trivedi,Pravin K., 2013. "Regression Analysis of Count Data," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107667273, September.
    3. Duy Hoang Thai & Stephan Huckemann & Carsten Gottschlich, 2016. "Filter Design and Performance Evaluation for Fingerprint Image Segmentation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-31, May.
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