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Spline smoothing over difficult regions

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  • Tim Ramsay

Abstract

Summary. It is occasionally necessary to smooth data over domains in ℝ2 with complex irregular boundaries or interior holes. Traditional methods of smoothing which rely on the Euclidean metric or which measure smoothness over the entire real plane may then be inappropriate. This paper introduces a bivariate spline smoothing function defined as the minimizer of a penalized sum‐of‐squares functional. The roughness penalty is based on a partial differential operator and is integrated only over the problem domain by using finite element analysis. The method is motivated by and applied to two sample smoothing problems and is compared with the thin plate spline.

Suggested Citation

  • Tim Ramsay, 2002. "Spline smoothing over difficult regions," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 64(2), pages 307-319, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jorssb:v:64:y:2002:i:2:p:307-319
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-9868.00339
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Graham Horgan, 1999. "Using wavelets for data smoothing: A simulation study," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(8), pages 923-932.
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    Cited by:

    1. Laura M. Sangalli, 2021. "Spatial Regression With Partial Differential Equation Regularisation," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 89(3), pages 505-531, December.
    2. Laura Azzimonti & Laura M. Sangalli & Piercesare Secchi & Maurizio Domanin & Fabio Nobile, 2015. "Blood Flow Velocity Field Estimation Via Spatial Regression With PDE Penalization," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 110(511), pages 1057-1071, September.
    3. Tang Qingguo & Chen Wenyu, 2022. "Estimation for partially linear additive regression with spatial data," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 63(6), pages 2041-2063, December.
    4. Shu Jiang & Graham A. Colditz, 2023. "Causal mediation analysis using high‐dimensional image mediator bounded in irregular domain with an application to breast cancer," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 79(4), pages 3728-3738, December.
    5. Zhonglei Wang & Zhengyuan Zhu, 2019. "Spatiotemporal Balanced Sampling Design for Longitudinal Area Surveys," Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, Springer;The International Biometric Society;American Statistical Association, vol. 24(2), pages 245-263, June.
    6. Ji Yeh Choi & Heungsun Hwang & Michio Yamamoto & Kwanghee Jung & Todd S. Woodward, 2017. "A Unified Approach to Functional Principal Component Analysis and Functional Multiple-Set Canonical Correlation," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 82(2), pages 427-441, June.
    7. Menafoglio, Alessandra & Secchi, Piercesare, 2017. "Statistical analysis of complex and spatially dependent data: A review of Object Oriented Spatial Statistics," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 258(2), pages 401-410.
    8. Federico Ferraccioli & Eleonora Arnone & Livio Finos & James O. Ramsay & Laura M. Sangalli, 2021. "Nonparametric density estimation over complicated domains," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 83(2), pages 346-368, April.
    9. Lan Zhou & Huijun Pan, 2014. "Smoothing noisy data for irregular regions using penalized bivariate splines on triangulations," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 263-281, February.
    10. Eklund, Bruno, 2005. "Estimating confidence regions over bounded domains," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 349-360, April.
    11. Ji Yeh Choi & Heungsun Hwang & Marieke E. Timmerman, 2018. "Functional Parallel Factor Analysis for Functions of One- and Two-dimensional Arguments," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 83(1), pages 1-20, March.
    12. Laura M. Sangalli & James O. Ramsay & Timothy O. Ramsay, 2013. "Spatial spline regression models," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 75(4), pages 681-703, September.
    13. Simon N. Wood & Mark V. Bravington & Sharon L. Hedley, 2008. "Soap film smoothing," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 70(5), pages 931-955, November.
    14. Smirnova, Ekaterina & Khormali, Omid & Egan, Joel M., 2019. "Functional analysis of spatial aggregation regions of Jeffrey pine beetle-attack within the Lake Tahoe Basin," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 57-62.
    15. Eleonora Arnone & Luca Negri & Ferruccio Panzica & Laura M. Sangalli, 2023. "Analyzing data in complicated 3D domains: Smoothing, semiparametric regression, and functional principal component analysis," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 79(4), pages 3510-3521, December.
    16. Alexander Gleim & Nazarii Salish, 2022. "Forecasting Environmental Data: An example to ground-level ozone concentration surfaces," Papers 2202.03332, arXiv.org.
    17. Mu Niu & Pokman Cheung & Lizhen Lin & Zhenwen Dai & Neil Lawrence & David Dunson, 2019. "Intrinsic Gaussian processes on complex constrained domains," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 81(3), pages 603-627, July.
    18. Haonan Wang & M. Giovanna Ranalli, 2007. "Low-Rank Smoothing Splines on Complicated Domains," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 63(1), pages 209-217, March.
    19. Arnone, Eleonora & Azzimonti, Laura & Nobile, Fabio & Sangalli, Laura M., 2019. "Modeling spatially dependent functional data via regression with differential regularization," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 275-295.
    20. Bernardi, Mara S. & Carey, Michelle & Ramsay, James O. & Sangalli, Laura M., 2018. "Modeling spatial anisotropy via regression with partial differential regularization," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 15-30.
    21. Lin, Fangzheng & Tang, Yanlin & Zhu, Huichen & Zhu, Zhongyi, 2022. "Spatially clustered varying coefficient model," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).

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