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Greenhouse gas emissions of Norwegian seafoods: From comprehensive to simplified assessment

Author

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  • Friederike Ziegler
  • Sepideh Jafarzadeh
  • Erik Skontorp Hognes
  • Ulf Winther

Abstract

The seafood sector is facing difficulties to meet the increasing demand for product greenhouse gas emission (GHG) assessments. We quantified GHGs of important seafood products of Norway, the world's second largest seafood exporter. We present results and improvement options for products of farmed salmon and wild‐caught shrimp, king crab, cod, and herring, followed to their dominating markets, based on detailed data for 2017. To enable more frequent monitoring, without engaging in a full assessment, we then suggest a simplified approach, focusing on the main drivers of production‐related emissions. The simplified approach is used to analyze temporal trends from 2007–2017 for fisheries and 1990–2017 for salmon aquaculture. Finally, the simplified approach was compared to the comprehensive assessment for 2017 to define species‐specific upscaling factors. Results show that salmon and crustacean products in 2017 caused higher emissions than cod and herring products, with feed and fuel use being the main emission drivers, whereas airfreighted products had the highest emissions of all products. Large improvement potential from average to best performers within each production system exists. The simplified approach shows that the fuel‐use intensity of Norwegian fisheries has increased by almost 50% for shrimp over the past decade whereas it has decreased for fish by 20% for demersal species such as cod and 5–10% for pelagic species such as herring. Feed‐related emissions for salmon, on the other hand, have increased by almost 30% during the same period, because of an increasing feed conversion ratio and increased inclusion of emission‐intensive feed inputs.

Suggested Citation

  • Friederike Ziegler & Sepideh Jafarzadeh & Erik Skontorp Hognes & Ulf Winther, 2022. "Greenhouse gas emissions of Norwegian seafoods: From comprehensive to simplified assessment," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(6), pages 1908-1919, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:inecol:v:26:y:2022:i:6:p:1908-1919
    DOI: 10.1111/jiec.13150
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Friederike Ziegler & Ulf Winther & Erik Skontorp Hognes & Andreas Emanuelsson & Veronica Sund & Harald Ellingsen, 2013. "The Carbon Footprint of Norwegian Seafood Products on the Global Seafood Market," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 17(1), pages 103-116, February.
    2. David Tilman & Michael Clark, 2014. "Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health," Nature, Nature, vol. 515(7528), pages 518-522, November.
    3. Robert W. R. Parker & Julia L. Blanchard & Caleb Gardner & Bridget S. Green & Klaas Hartmann & Peter H. Tyedmers & Reg A. Watson, 2018. "Fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions of world fisheries," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 8(4), pages 333-337, April.
    4. Peter Scarborough & Paul Appleby & Anja Mizdrak & Adam Briggs & Ruth Travis & Kathryn Bradbury & Timothy Key, 2014. "Dietary greenhouse gas emissions of meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans in the UK," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 125(2), pages 179-192, July.
    5. Gaspard Philis & Friederike Ziegler & Lars Christian Gansel & Mona Dverdal Jansen & Erik Olav Gracey & Anne Stene, 2019. "Comparing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Salmonid Aquaculture Production Systems: Status and Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-27, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wei Zhang & Fang Zhang, 2023. "The Spatiotemporal Dynamic Impact Mechanism of Soil Greenhouse Gases under Precipitation Based on Environmental Law," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Ian Vázquez‐Rowe & Robert Parker & Helen Hamilton & Huan Liu, 2022. "Industrial ecology for the oceans," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(6), pages 1842-1846, December.

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