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New Spaces for Inclusion? Lessons from the ‘Three‐Thirds’ Partnerships in Wales

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  • GILLIAN BRISTOW
  • TOM ENTWISTLE
  • FRANCES HINES
  • STEVE MARTIN

Abstract

Multi‐sector partnership working has become an increasingly important mode of governance across many Western European countries. It is seen as a means of overcoming social divisions, promoting more inclusive policymaking, and transforming governance systems. Partnership is perceived to be a more flexible form of governance, capable of resolving some of the complex policy and legitimation problems associated with more traditional statist approaches, and thus preferable for the delivery of public policy and services. However, as previous research has shown, there is an emerging ‘partnership crisis’ with partnerships often failing to be sufficiently inclusive of representative interests, leading to a lack of legitimacy, equity and effectiveness. This article explores the unique approach to addressing the lack of balanced and effective representation in partnerships developed by the Welsh Assembly Government. The Assembly has adopted a formal approach to structuring key partnerships on the basis of strict equality of representation across the public, private and voluntary sectors — the so‐called ‘three‐thirds principle’. This approach is conceptualized as a form of metagovernance whereby formal influence over partnership structures is being used in an effort to create institutional spaces for inclusion. The analysis indicates that while such network design does achieve improvement in partnership legitimacy, on its own it does not increase partnership effectiveness which remains constrained by the prevailing emphasis upon narrow, managerialist implementation agendas. Résumé Le partenariat plurisectoriel est devenu un mode de gouvernance de plus en plus important dans de nombreux pays d'Europe de l'Ouest. Il apparaît comme un moyen de surmonter les divisions sociales, de favoriser une élaboration plus diversifiée des politiques et de transformer les systèmes de gouvernance. Le partenariat est perçu comme une forme plus souple de gouvernance, capable de résoudre certains des problèmes complexes de politique publique et de légitimité associés à des approches étatistes plus traditionnelles, donc préférable pour la mise en place des politiques et des services publics. Pourtant, une étude antérieure l'a montré, il se dessine une ‘crise du partenariat’, ce fonctionnement ne parvenant souvent pas à intégrer suffisamment les groupes d'intérêt représentatifs et conduisant à un défaut de légitimité, d'équité et d'efficacité. L'article étudie l'approche unique du gouvernement gallois pour traiter l'absence d'équilibre représentatif et d'efficacité dans les partenariats. Une démarche officielle a été adoptée pour structurer les partenariats‐clés sur la base d'une stricte égalité représentative entre les secteurs public, privé et associatifs, selon le principe dit des ‘trois tiers’. Le concept est une forme de méta‐gouvernance par laquelle une influence s'exerce formellement sur les structures de partenariat afin de créer des espaces institutionnalisés permettant l'inclusion. L'analyse indique que, si ce concept en réseau réussit bien à améliorer la légitimité des partenariats, à lui seul il n'accroît pas leur efficacité, laquelle reste dépendante de la prépondérance courante de programmes de mise en oeuvre limités et ‘managérialistes’.

Suggested Citation

  • Gillian Bristow & Tom Entwistle & Frances Hines & Steve Martin, 2008. "New Spaces for Inclusion? Lessons from the ‘Three‐Thirds’ Partnerships in Wales," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 903-921, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:4:p:903-921
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00822.x
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    2. Amy Sanders, 2023. "Examining How Equalities Nonprofit Organizations Approach Policy Influencing to Achieve Substantive Representation in Sub-State Government Policymaking," Societies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-27, February.
    3. Jesse Heley & Kate Moles, 2012. "Partnership working in regions: Reflections on local government collaboration in Wales," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4(2), pages 139-153, June.
    4. Furmankiewicz, Marek, 2012. "Partnerstwo Międzysektorowe Czy Kolejne Narzędzie Władz Samorządowych? „Ukryty” Sektor Publiczny W Lokalnych Grupach Działania W Polsce," Village and Agriculture (Wieś i Rolnictwo), Polish Academy of Sciences (IRWiR PAN), Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, vol. 4(157).

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