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From Annankatu to Antinkatu: Contracts, Development Rights and Partnerships in Kamppi, Helsinki

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  • ANNE HAILA

Abstract

Mega‐projects are usually analyzed as state‐led public–private partnerships and iconic architecture aiming at branding the city and attracting tourists and global investors. This article adopts a different approach, analyzing the construction of Helsinki's Kamppi mega‐project in terms of the politics of property as a process of creating and distributing rights –– property rights, development rights and use rights. Although the Kamppi project did not follow ordinary planning regulations, this did not mean that there was no regulation; on the contrary, there was more than usual, but through contracts rather than planning. Regulation through contracts denied citizens any voice and negated the celebrated provision for participation in Finland's reformed planning legislation. The Kamppi contracts also show that property rights are negotiated, alienated, compensated, struggled over and constructed. Citizens protested against the demolition of historic buildings, but overlooked the series of Kamppi contracts, which limited their rights and introduced a whole new system in which use rights are connected to ownership. Finally, the long duration of the Kamppi project meant that many people also overlooked the privatization of formerly public space. Résumé En général, les mégaprojets sont analysés en tant que partenariats public‐privéà l’initiative de l’État ou en tant qu’icône architecturale pour identifier la ville et attirer touristes et investisseurs internationaux. L’approche de cet article est différente: elle analyse le mégaprojet de construction de Kamppi, à Helsinki, dans le cadre de la politique de la propriété considérée comme processus de création et de distribution de droits (de propriété, d’aménagement et d’usage). Même si le projet de Kamppi n’a pas suivi les règlements d’urbanisme normaux, on ne peut pas dire qu’il se soit fait sans réglementation. Au contraire, celle‐ci a été plus présente que d’ordinaire, mais au moyen d’accords contractuels. Cette forme de régulation, qui a privé les habitants de leur capacité d’expression, a annihilé la fameuse disposition participative apportée par la réforme législative finlandaise sur l’urbanisme. Les contrats liés à Kamppi montrent également que les droits de propriété sont négociés, transférés, indemnisés, disputés et interprétés. Les citoyens ont protesté contre la démolition de bâtiments historiques, mais ont omis la série de contrats sur Kamppi, ce qui a restreint leurs droits et instauré tout un nouveau système dans lequel les droits d’usage sont liés à la propriété. Pour finir, à cause de la durée prolongée du projet, bien des gens n’ont pas non plus remarqué la privatisation d’espaces autrefois publics.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne Haila, 2008. "From Annankatu to Antinkatu: Contracts, Development Rights and Partnerships in Kamppi, Helsinki," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 804-814, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:4:p:804-814
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00824.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leslie Sklair, 2005. "The Transnational Capitalist Class and Contemporary Architecture in Globalizing Cities," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 485-500, September.
    2. Anne Haila, 2007. "The Market as the New Emperor," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(1), pages 3-20, March.
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    3. Matthew Aaron Richmond & Jeff Garmany, 2016. "‘Post-Third-World City' or Neoliberal ‘City of Exception'? Rio de Janeiro in the Olympic Era," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(3), pages 621-639, May.
    4. Julie Pollard, 2023. "The political conditions of the rise of real-estate developers in French housing policies," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 41(2), pages 274-291, March.
    5. Eero Valtonen & Heidi Falkenbach & Kauko Viitanen, 2017. "Development-led planning practices in a plan-led planning system: empirical evidence from Finland," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(6), pages 1053-1075, June.
    6. Fernando Diaz Orueta & Susan S. Fainstein, 2008. "The New Mega‐Projects: Genesis and Impacts," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 759-767, December.

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