IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/ijurrs/v32y2008i1p198-205.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Relocating Gentrification: The Working Class, Science and the State in Recent Urban Research

Author

Listed:
  • LOÏC WACQUANT

Abstract

This article amplifies Tom Slater's diagnosis of the causes of the gentrification of recent gentrification research. It argues that the shift from the denunciation to the celebration of gentrification, the elision of the displacement of the established residents, and the euphemistic focus on ‘social mixing’ partake of a broader pattern of invisibility of the working class in the public sphere and social inquiry. This effacing of the proletariat in the city is reinforced by the growing heteronomy of urban research, as the latter becomes more tightly tethered to the concerns of city rulers. Both tendencies, in turn, reveal and abet the shifting role of the state from provider of social support for lower‐income populations to supplier of business services and amenities for middle‐ and upper‐class urbanites — among them the cleansing of the built environment and the streets from the physical and human detritus wrought by economic deregulation and welfare retrenchment. To build better models of the changing nexus of class and space in the neoliberal city, we need to relocate gentrification in a broader and sturdier analytic framework by revising class analysis to capture the (de)formation of the postindustrial proletariat, resisting the seductions of the prefabricated problematics of policy, and giving pride of place to the state as producer of sociospatial inequality. Résumé Cet article amplifie le diagnostic de Tom Slater sur les causes de la ‘gentrification’ des études récentes sur la ‘gentrification’ urbaine. Le glissement de la dénonciation à l'éloge de la gentrification, l'élision du déplacement forcé des habitants établis et la focalisation euphémistique sur la ‘mixité sociale’ s'inscrivent dans un schéma plus large d'invisibilisation de la classe ouvrière dans la sphère publique et les investigations sociologiques. Cet effacement du prolétariat des métropoles est renforcé par l'hétéronomie croissante de la recherche urbaine, plus étroitement liée que jamais aux préoccupations des dirigeants de la ville. Ces deux tendances révèlent et facilitent la mutation du rôle de l'État, de fournisseur de soutiens sociaux aux populations démunies en agence de services et d'équipements marchands pour citadins des classes moyennes et supérieures — au premier rang desquels figure le nettoyage de l'environnement bâti et des rues des détritus humains et matériels engendrés par la dérégulation de l'économie et le recul de la protection sociale. Pour construire de meilleurs modèles des rapports changeants entre classe et espace dans la ville néolibérale, il faut replacer la gentrification des quartiers populaires dans un cadre analytique élargi et renforcé en réélaborant l'analyse de classe pour saisir la (dé)formation du prolétariat post‐industriel, en résistant aux séductions des problématiques préfabriquées de politique publique, et en accordant une place centrale à l'État en tant que producteur d'inégalités sociospatiales.

Suggested Citation

  • Loïc Wacquant, 2008. "Relocating Gentrification: The Working Class, Science and the State in Recent Urban Research," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1), pages 198-205, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:1:p:198-205
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00774.x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00774.x
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00774.x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gurr, Ted Robert & King, Desmond, 1987. "The State and the City," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226310909, December.
    2. Paul Watt, 2006. "Respectability, Roughness and ‘Race’: Neighbourhood Place Images and the Making of Working‐Class Social Distinctions in London," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 776-797, December.
    3. Michael Storper, 2001. "The Poverty of Radical Theory Today: From the False Promises of Marxism to the Mirage of the Cultural Turn," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(1), pages 155-179, March.
    4. Aleksandra Sasha Milicevic, 2001. "Radical Intellectuals: What Happened to the New Urban Sociology?," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(4), pages 759-783, December.
    5. Tom Slater, 2006. "The Eviction of Critical Perspectives from Gentrification Research," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 737-757, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Loretta Lees & David Ley, 2008. "Introduction to Special Issue on Gentrification and Public Policy," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(12), pages 2379-2384, November.
    2. Jonathan Pratschke & Enrica Morlicchio, 2012. "Social Polarisation, the Labour Market and Economic Restructuring in Europe: An Urban Perspective," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(9), pages 1891-1907, July.
    3. Sandra Huning & Nina Schuster, 2015. "‘Social Mixing' or ‘Gentrification'? Contradictory Perspectives on Urban Change in the Berlin District of Neukölln," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(4), pages 738-755, July.
    4. Kate Parizeau, 2017. "Witnessing urban change: Insights from informal recyclers in Vancouver, BC," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(8), pages 1921-1937, June.
    5. Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris & Konstantina Soureli, 2012. "Cultural Tourism as an Economic Development Strategy for Ethnic Neighborhoods," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 26(1), pages 50-72, February.
    6. Dick M. Carpenter & John K. Ross, 2009. "Testing O’Connor and Thomas: Does the Use of Eminent Domain Target Poor and Minority Communities?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(11), pages 2447-2461, October.
    7. Megan Nethercote, 2017. "When Social Infrastructure Deficits Create Displacement Pressures: Inner City Schools and the Suburbanization of Families in Melbourne," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(3), pages 443-463, May.
    8. Rosemary D.F. Bromley & Peter K. Mackie, 2009. "Displacement and the New Spaces for Informal Trade in the Latin American City Centre," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(7), pages 1485-1506, June.
    9. Allen J. Scott, 2019. "City-regions reconsidered," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 51(3), pages 554-580, May.
    10. Yongjun Shin, 2014. "Reconstructing Urban Politics with a Bourdieusian Framework: The Case of Local Low-Income Housing Policy," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(5), pages 1833-1848, September.
    11. Ying Huang & Scott J. South & Amy Spring, 2017. "Racial Differences in Neighborhood Attainment: The Contributions of Interneighborhood Migration and In Situ Change," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(5), pages 1819-1843, October.
    12. Brian Doucet, 2014. "A Process of Change and a Changing Process: Introduction to the Special Issue on Contemporary Gentrification," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 105(2), pages 125-139, April.
    13. Mark Davidson, 2011. "Critical Commentary. Gentrification in Crisis," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 48(10), pages 1987-1996, August.
    14. Hyun Bang Shin & Loretta Lees & Ernesto López-Morales, 2016. "Introduction: Locating gentrification in the Global East," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(3), pages 455-470, February.
    15. Winifred Curran, 2010. "In Defense of Old Industrial Spaces: Manufacturing, Creativity and Innovation in Williamsburg, Brooklyn," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(4), pages 871-885, December.
    16. Michael Janoschka & Jorge Sequera & Luis Salinas, 2014. "Gentrification in Spain and Latin America — a Critical Dialogue," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 1234-1265, July.
    17. Bjarke Skærlund Risager, 2021. "Financialized Gentrification and Class Composition in the Post‐Industrial City: A Rent Strike Against a Real Estate Investment Trust in Hamilton, Ontario," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(2), pages 282-302, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Paul Watt, 2008. "The Only Class in Town? Gentrification and the Middle‐Class Colonization of the City and the Urban Imagination," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1), pages 206-211, March.
    2. Hoyler Michael & Freytag Tim & Jöns Heike, 2004. "Zur Diskussion gestellt. Technology, organization, territory: A biographical interview with Michael Storper," ZFW – Advances in Economic Geography, De Gruyter, vol. 48(1), pages 63-72, October.
    3. Vladimir Gel'man, 2003. "In search of local autonomy: the politics of big cities in Russia's transition," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(1), pages 48-61, March.
    4. Josep M Campanera & Paul Higgins, 2011. "Quality of Life in Urban-Classified and Rural-Classified English Local Authority Areas," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 43(3), pages 683-702, March.
    5. Marguerite van den Berg, 2018. "The discursive uses of Jane Jacobs for the genderfying city: Understanding the productions of space for post-Fordist gender notions," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(4), pages 751-766, March.
    6. Tim Butler, 2007. "Re‐urbanizing London Docklands: Gentrification, Suburbanization or New Urbanism?," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 759-781, December.
    7. Elias Le Grand, 2015. "Linking Moralisation and Class Identity: The Role of Ressentiment and Respectability in the Social Reaction to ‘Chavs’," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 20(4), pages 18-32, November.
    8. Winifred Curran, 2018. "‘Mexicans love red’ and other gentrification myths: Displacements and contestations in the gentrification of Pilsen, Chicago, USA," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(8), pages 1711-1728, June.
    9. Shenjing He, 2012. "Two Waves of Gentrification and Emerging Rights Issues in Guangzhou, China," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 44(12), pages 2817-2833, December.
    10. Jean-Paul D. Addie, 2009. "Constructing Neoliberal Urban Democracy in the American Inner-city," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 24(6-7), pages 536-554, September.
    11. Ingmar Pastak & Eneli Kindsiko & Tiit Tammaru & Reinout Kleinhans & Maarten Van Ham, 2019. "Commercial Gentrification in Post‐Industrial Neighbourhoods: A Dynamic View From an Entrepreneur’s Perspective," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 110(5), pages 588-604, December.
    12. Andrew Harris, 2008. "From London to Mumbai and Back Again: Gentrification and Public Policy in Comparative Perspective," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(12), pages 2407-2428, November.
    13. Lance Freeman, 2009. "Neighbourhood Diversity, Metropolitan Segregation and Gentrification: What Are the Links in the US?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(10), pages 2079-2101, September.
    14. Seth Schindler & Jonathan Silver, 2019. "Florida in the Global South: How Eurocentrism Obscures Global Urban Challenges—and What We Can Do about It," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(4), pages 794-805, July.
    15. Gordon MacLeod, 2013. "New Urbanism/Smart Growth in the Scottish Highlands: Mobile Policies and Post-politics in Local Development Planning," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(11), pages 2196-2221, August.
    16. Belotti, Alice, 2016. "Estate regeneration and community impacts: challenges and lessons for social landlords, developers and local councils," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 121480, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    17. Renia Ehrenfeucht & Marla Nelson, 2013. "Young Professionals as Ambivalent Change Agents in New Orleans after the 2005 Hurricanes," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(4), pages 825-841, March.
    18. R Imrie & H Thomas, 1993. "The Limits of Property-Led Regeneration," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 11(1), pages 87-102, March.
    19. George Mavrommatis, 2011. "Stories from Brixton: Gentrification and Different Differences," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 16(2), pages 29-38, June.
    20. John Joe Schlichtman & Jason Patch, 2014. "Gentrifier? Who, Me? Interrogating the Gentrifier in the Mirror," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 1491-1508, July.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:1:p:198-205. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0309-1317 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.