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The internationalization of ethnic Chinese business firms from Southeast Asia: strategies, processes and competitive advantage

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  • Henry Wai‐Chung Yeung

Abstract

The dynamic growth of many Southeast Asian countries in recent years has created a centrifugal force prompting the internationalization of established ethnic Chinese business firms in these countries. This paper aims to examine the strategies and processes of this internationalization and to assess the firms’ competitive advantage in the regional and global economies. It argues that the internationalization of ethnic Chinese business firms from Southeast Asia can be explained by their firm‐specific strategies and the changing geographical contexts in which they are embedded and their strategies are implemented. First, these firms face increasing competition at a global scale and are compelled to engage in transnational operations as a strategy to sustain growth and expansion. Second, changing institutional contexts in home and host countries provide another key impetus to their transnational drive. While they begin to realize the limits to growth in their home countries because of growing foreign competition and ethnicity‐based economic policies, these Chinese business firms are more sensitive to growth opportunities elsewhere in the Asia Pacific region and beyond. As such, a comprehensive explanation of their transnational activities needs to examine both the changing configurations of operating contexts and their strategies of global competition. To support its main claims, the paper presents some detailed case studies of ethnic Chinese‐controlled transnational corporations based in Southeast Asia. La croissance dynamique de nombreux pays de l’Asie du sud‐est ces dernières années a créé une force centrifuge qui incite dans ces pays l’internationalisation des compagnies commerciales ethniques chinoises bien établies. Le but de cet article est d’examiner les stratégies et les processus de cette internationalisation et d’établir quel est l’avantage compétitif de ces compagnies dans les économies régionales et globales. Il soutient que l’internationalisation des compagnies commerciales ethniques chinoises de l’Asie du sud‐est peut s’expliquer par des strate ??gies qui leur sont spécifiques et par le contexte géographique changeant dans lequel elles se trouvent et dans lequel leurs stratégies sont exécutées. Premièrement, ces compagnies sont confrontées à une compétition grand‐issante au niveau global et sont obligées d’opérer au niveau trans‐national afin de maintenir leur croissance et leur expansion. Deuxièmement, les contextes institutionnels changeants dans leur pays et à l’e ??tranger donnent une impulsion vitale à leur offensives internationales. Alors qu’elles commencent à se rendre compte des limites de la croissance dans leurs propres pays causées par la compétition étrangère grandissante et la politique économique basée sur l’ethnie, ces compagnies commerciales chinoises sont plus sensibles aux opportunités de développement ailleurs dans la région asiatique du Pacifique et au‐delà. Une explication compréhensive de leurs activités trans‐nationales demande que l’on examine les configurations changeantes des contextes d’opération et les stratégies de compétition au niveau global. Cet article présente des cas d’étude détaillés de corporations trans‐nationales contrôle ??es par des ethnies chinoises dans les sud‐est de l’Asie.

Suggested Citation

  • Henry Wai‐Chung Yeung, 1999. "The internationalization of ethnic Chinese business firms from Southeast Asia: strategies, processes and competitive advantage," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(1), pages 88-102, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:23:y:1999:i:1:p:88-102
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00181
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    Cited by:

    1. John Mathews, 2006. "Dragon multinationals: New players in 21 st century globalization," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 5-27, March.
    2. Rana, Mohammad B. & Elo, Maria, 2017. "Transnational Diaspora and Civil Society Actors Driving MNE Internationalisation: The Case of Grameenphone in Bangladesh," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 87-106.
    3. Lili Kang & Fei Peng & Yu Zhu & An Pan, 2018. "Harmony in Diversity: Can the One Belt One Road Initiative Promote China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-28, September.
    4. Adele Parmentola, 2017. "Why Chinese Companies Go Abroad? A Theoretical Model to Explain the Drivers of the Internationalization Strategy of Chinese MNEs," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 10(10), pages 82-93, October.
    5. Edo Andriesse & Guus Westen, 2009. "Unsustainable varieties of capitalism along the Thailand–Malaysia border? The role of institutional complementarities in regional development," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 459-479, September.
    6. Johl, Shireenjit & Subramaniam, Nava & Mat Zain, Mazlina, 2012. "Audit Committee and CEO Ethnicity and Audit fees: Some Malaysian evidence," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 302-332.
    7. Ficici, Aysun & Wang, Lingling & Aybar, C. Bulent & Fan, Bo, 2014. "The Correlation between the Internationalization Processes and Performance of Firms: The Case of Emerging Market Firms of the BRIC Countries," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 1(1), pages 4-25.
    8. John Bowen & Thomas Leinbach, 2004. "Market Concentration In The Air Freight Forwarding Industry," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 95(2), pages 174-188, April.
    9. Aysun FICICI & Lingling WANG & Bulent AYBAR & Bo FAN, 2014. "The Correlation between the Internationalization Processes and Performance of Firms: The Case of Emerging Market Firms of the BRIC Countries," Journal of Economics and Political Economy, KSP Journals, vol. 1(1), pages 4-25, September.
    10. Nunez-Picado, Adriana & Martinus, Kirsten & Sigler, Thomas, 2022. "Junior Miner internationalisation in the globalising mining industry," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    11. Daniel Haberly & Dariusz Wójcik, 2015. "Regional Blocks and Imperial Legacies: Mapping the Global Offshore FDI Network," Economic Geography, Clark University, vol. 91(3), pages 251-280, July.
    12. Richardson, Christopher, 2014. "Firm internationalisation within the Muslim world," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 386-395.
    13. Priebe, Jan & Rudolf, Robert, 2015. "Does the Chinese Diaspora Speed Up Growth in Host Countries?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 249-262.
    14. Ramos, Hazel Melanie & Man, Thomas Wing Yan & Mustafa, Michael & Ng, Zuie Zuie, 2014. "Psychological ownership in small family firms: Family and non-family employees’ work attitudes and behaviours," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 300-311.
    15. H. Yeung, 2006. "Change and Continuity in Southeast Asian Ethnic Chinese Business," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 229-254, September.
    16. Thite, Mohan & Wilkinson, Adrian & Budhwar, Pawan & Mathews, John A., 2016. "Internationalization of emerging Indian multinationals: Linkage, leverage and learning (LLL) perspective," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 435-443.
    17. Shiuhshen Chien & Xufeng Zhu & Tingjia Chen, 2015. "Self-learning through teaching: Singapore's land development policy transfer experience in China," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 33(6), pages 1639-1656, December.
    18. Contractor, Farok J. & Kumar, Vikas & Kundu, Sumit K., 2007. "Nature of the relationship between international expansion and performance: The case of emerging market firms," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 401-417, December.

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