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Lockup and Voluntary Earnings Forecast Disclosure in IPOs

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  • Beng Soon Chong
  • Kim Wai Ho

Abstract

We examine the relation between lockup length and voluntary earnings forecast disclosures for IPOs in Singapore. Unlike firms in the United States, companies in Singapore are allowed to provide earnings forecasts in their IPO prospectuses. We find that forecasters are more likely to accept longer lockup periods, so that the lockup expires after the first post‐IPO earnings announcement. Our study also shows that because the lockup agreement removes personal incentives to issue aggressive forecasts, IPO firms tend to issue conservative forecasts. Overall, our results suggest that the lockup mechanism adds credibility to the earnings forecast given in the IPO prospectus.

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  • Beng Soon Chong & Kim Wai Ho, 2007. "Lockup and Voluntary Earnings Forecast Disclosure in IPOs," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 36(3), pages 63-80, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:finmgt:v:36:y:2007:i:3:p:63-80
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-053X.2007.tb00081.x
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    Cited by:

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    2. Chong, Beng Soon & Liu, Zhenbin, 2020. "Issuer IPO underpricing and Directed Share Program (DSP)," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 105-125.
    3. Manel Allaya & Narjess Toumi, 2020. "The effect of lockup on management earnings forecasts disclosure in French IPOs," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 24(2), pages 507-529, June.
    4. Haman, Janto & Chalmers, Keryn & Fang, Victor, 2017. "IPO lockups, long run returns, and growth opportunities," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 184-199.
    5. Buchner, Axel & Mohamed, Abdulkadir & Saadouni, Brahim, 2017. "The association between earnings forecast in IPOs prospectuses and earnings management: An empirical analysis," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 92-105.
    6. McGuinness, Paul B., 2016. "Voluntary profit forecast disclosures, IPO pricing revisions and after-market earnings drift," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 70-83.
    7. Sosnowski Tomasz & Wawryszuk-Misztal Anna, 2019. "Board characteristics and earnings forecasts accuracy in IPO prospectuses," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 55(1), pages 25-39, March.
    8. Georgakopoulos, Georgios & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Huang, Chen & Patsika, Victoria, 2022. "The impact of IFRS adoption on IPOs management earnings forecasts in Australia," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    9. Chia‐Cheng Ho & Chi‐Ling Huang & Chien‐Ting Lin & George Y.C. Lin, 2010. "Managing News Coverage around Initial Public Offerings," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 39(1), pages 187-225, March.
    10. Sahil Narang & Rudra P. Pradhan, 2021. "IPO lock-up: a review and assessment," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 48(3), pages 343-369, September.
    11. Wasim Ahmad & Ranko Jelic, 2014. "Lockup Agreements and Survival of UK IPOs," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(5-6), pages 717-742, June.
    12. Emmanuelle Negre & Isabelle Martinez, 2012. "Une Analyse Lexicale Des Communiques De Presse Volontaires Emis Lors Des Opa/Ope : Quels Profils De Diffusion ?," Post-Print hal-00936567, HAL.
    13. Beng Soon Chong & Zhenbin Liu, 2016. "CAR associated with SEO share lockups: Real or illusionary?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 513-541, October.
    14. Hsuan-Chi Chen & Robert Fok & Chiuling Lu, 2011. "An Analysis of Lockups in REIT IPOs," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 359-384, October.

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