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Under-Diversification and Retention Commitments in IPOs

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  • Courteau, Lucie

Abstract

This study is an extension of Leland and Pyle's (1977) signaling model. It introduces, in addition to the retained ownership, the length of the holding period to which the owner commits in the prospectus as a signal of firm value. The length of the holding period is found to be a signaling mechanism that complements ownership retention. Depending on the information structure of the firm, the entrepreneur may prefer to commit to a holding period longer than the minimum required by securities regulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Courteau, Lucie, 1995. "Under-Diversification and Retention Commitments in IPOs," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 30(4), pages 487-517, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:30:y:1995:i:04:p:487-517_00
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Goergen, M. & Renneboog, L.D.R., 2005. "Shareholder Lock-In Contracts : Share Price and Trading Volume Effects at the Lock-In Expiry," Other publications TiSEM 0d0fd1f7-ca87-468a-a595-6, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    2. Espenlaub, S. & Goergen, M. & Khurshed, A. & Renneboog, L.D.R., 2002. "Lock-In Agreements in Venture Capital Backed UK IPOs," Other publications TiSEM 46163ec3-a75c-4a3f-85dd-8, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    3. Ang, James S. & Brau, James C., 2003. "Concealing and confounding adverse signals: insider wealth-maximizing behavior in the IPO process," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(1), pages 149-172, January.
    4. Andrikopoulos, Andreas, 2015. "Truth and financial economics: A review and assessment," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 186-195.
    5. Lokman Tutuncu, 2020. "Lock-up provisions and valuation of Turkish IPOs," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(4), pages 587-608, December.
    6. Sahil Narang & Rudra P. Pradhan, 2021. "IPO lock-up: a review and assessment," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 48(3), pages 343-369, September.
    7. Jiang, Kun & Wang, Susheng, 2012. "Staged privatization: A market process with multistage lockups," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 1051-1070.
    8. Hsuan-Chi Chen & Robert Fok & Chiuling Lu, 2011. "An Analysis of Lockups in REIT IPOs," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 359-384, October.
    9. Manel Allaya & Narjess Toumi, 2020. "The effect of lockup on management earnings forecasts disclosure in French IPOs," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 24(2), pages 507-529, June.
    10. Karpoff, Jonathan M. & Lee, Gemma & Masulis, Ronald W., 2013. "Contracting under asymmetric information: Evidence from lockup agreements in seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(3), pages 607-626.
    11. Beng Soon Chong & Kim Wai Ho, 2007. "Lockup and Voluntary Earnings Forecast Disclosure in IPOs," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 36(3), pages 63-80, September.
    12. Robert Campbell & Chinmoy Ghosh & C. Sirmans, 2005. "Value Creation and Governance Structure in Reit Mergers," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 31(2), pages 225-239, September.
    13. Dmitri Boreiko & Stefano Lombardo, 2013. "Lockup clauses in Italian IPOs," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 221-232, February.
    14. Jean Bédard & Daniel Coulombe & Suzanne M. Paquette, 2007. "Tax Incentives on Equity and Firms' Cost of Capital: Evidence from the Quebec Stock Savings Plan," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(3), pages 795-824, September.
    15. Mohd Rashid, Rasidah & Abdul-Rahim, Ruzita & Yong, Othman, 2014. "The influence of lock-up provisions on IPO initial returns: Evidence from an emerging market," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 487-501.
    16. Hoque, Hafiz, 2014. "Role of asymmetric information and moral hazard on IPO underpricing and lockup," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 81-105.
    17. Cline, Brandon N. & Fu, Xudong & Tang, Tian, 2015. "Do investors value SEO lockup agreements?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 314-321.

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