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Riding the Roller‐Coaster — What's Next for US Farm Policy? Sur les montagnes russes: Quel avenir pour la politique agricole américaine? Eine Berg‐und‐Tal‐Fahrt – was erwartet die US‐Agrarpolitik als nächstes?

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  • David Blandford

Abstract

Riding the Roller‐Coaster — What's Next for US Farm Policy? Changes in the balance of political power and in budgetary constraints create a roller‐ coaster in US agricultural policy with shifts between more and less government intervention, higher and lower spending, and more or less liberal approaches to international trade. The suspension of the WTO negotiations and the replacement of a Republican by a Democratic majority in the Congress have created a different political climate from the last Farm Bill in 2002. The economic picture is also very different with less public money to lavish on farmers and less pressure to spend, particularly since many farmers are benefiting from higher crop prices driven by rapidly expanding bio‐energy production. With weak internal and external pressures for change, the new legislation is unlikely to depart radically from the 2002 Farm Act or to be crafted to accommodate future international commitments. There could be some movement away from price‐based support to measures that target revenue, primarily because future payments are likely to be low if prices for farm products remain strong. But the policy roller‐coaster is unlikely to promise an exciting ride for those who would like to see a change in priority from price and income support towards environmental and other aims and towards greater market orientation. Les variations dans l'équilibre des pouvoirs politiques et les contraintes budgétaires engagent la politique agricole américaine dans un chemin en montagne russe, balançant entre plus ou moins d'intervention gouvernementale, plus ou moins de dépenses, et une approche plus ou moins libérale du commerce international. La suspension des négociations à l'OMC et le remplacement de la majorité républicaine par une majorité démocrate au congrès créent un climat politique bien différent de ce qu'il était pour la loi agricole de 2002. Le contexte économique est lui aussi différent, avec moins d'argent public à prodiguer aux agriculteurs, et moins de pression pour cela, en particulier parce que les prix agricoles sont tirés vers le haut par l'expansion rapide des cultures bio‐énergétiques. Avec des incitations au changement aussi faibles, tant à l'intérieur qu'a l'extérieur, il est peu probable que la nouvelle législation s'écarte beaucoup de l'ancienne loi agricole de 2002, ni qu'elle prévoit dans sa rédaction les accords internationaux à venir. Elle pourrait comporter une certaine évolution du soutien des prix vers des mesures plus ciblées sur les revenus, en particulier parce que les paiements compensatoires ont des chances de se réduire à l'avenir si les prix restent élevés. Cependant, le manège de montagnes russes politique a peu de chances de donner beaucoup de satisfactions à ceux qui en attendaient le remplacement des soutiens aux prix et aux revenus par la priorité aux objectifs environnementaux ou autres, ainsi que l'accroissement du rôle du marché dans l'orientations des productions. Die Veränderungen in den politischen Machtverhältnissen und in den Haushaltsrestriktionen verursachen in der US‐Agrarpolitik eine Berg‐und‐Tal‐Fahrt, welche sich zwischen geringerer und stärkerer staatlicher Intervention, höheren und niedrigeren Ausgaben sowie mehr oder weniger liberalen Ansätzen in Bezug auf den internationalen Handel hin und her bewegt. Durch das Aussetzen der WTO‐Verhandlungen und die Ablösung der republikanischen durch eine demokratische Mehrheit im Kongress hat sich das politische Klima seit dem letzten US‐Landwirtschaftsgesetz von 2002 verändert. Das wirtschaftliche Bild hat sich ebenfalls dahin gehend verändert, dass weniger öffentliche Gelder dafür vorhanden sind, um Landwirte damit zu überhäufen. Gleichzeitig ist der Druck für Ausgaben geringer geworden, insbesondere weil zahlreiche Landwirte von den durch die schnell wachsende Bioenergieproduktion in die Höhe getriebenen Preisen für Feldfrüchte profi tieren. Bei geringem internen und externen Druck zur Veränderung ist es unwahrscheinlich, dass die neue Gesetzgebung grundlegend vom Landwirtschaftsgesetz von 2002 abweicht oder derart beschaffen ist, dass sie zukünftigen internationalen Verpfl ichtungen Rechnung tragen kann. Möglicherweise wird die Preisstützung hauptsächlich deshalb von Maßnahmen abgelöst, welche auf die Erlöse abzielen, weil die zukünftigen Zahlungen vermutlich gering ausfallen, wenn die Preise für Agrarerzeugnisse auf hohem Niveau bleiben. Die Berg‐und‐Tal‐Fahrt in der Politik dürfte sich jedoch nicht als Gelegenheit für diejenigen erweisen, welche eine Veränderung in der Priorität weg von Preis‐ und Einkommensstützung hin zu ökologischen und anderen Zielen sowie größerer Orientierung am Markt wünschen.

Suggested Citation

  • David Blandford, 2007. "Riding the Roller‐Coaster — What's Next for US Farm Policy? Sur les montagnes russes: Quel avenir pour la politique agricole américaine? Eine Berg‐und‐Tal‐Fahrt – was erwartet die US‐Agrarpolitik als ," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 6(2), pages 20-25, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:6:y:2007:i:2:p:20-25
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-692X.2007.00059.x
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    1. Amani Elobeid & Simla Tokgoz & Dermot J. Hayes & Bruce A. Babcock & Chad E. Hart, 2006. "Long-Run Impact of Corn-Based Ethanol on the Grain, Oilseed, and Livestock Sectors: A Preliminary Assessment, The," Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) Publications 06-bp49, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University.
    2. MacDonald, James M. & Hoppe, Robert A. & Banker, David E., 2006. "Growing Farm Size and the Distribution of Farm Payments," Economic Brief 34089, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
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