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Prospects for Agroecology in Europe

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  • Alan Matthews

Abstract

Agroecology is not a new concept. Its rising prominence, however, is linked to greater societal awareness of environmental pressures associated with agricultural practices, a decline in the number of farmers, the growing market power of major corporate businesses, and links between ill‐health and patterns of food consumption. In this context, agroecology is proposed as an alternative and sustainable model for agricultural production and for organising food systems. However, the uptake of agroecological practices in Europe is low. Fewer than 3 per cent of all farms have been defined as agroecological by achieving a pre‐determined threshold on all five of key management principles. Economic viability, specifically the return to labour, will be a key factor in determining the attractiveness of agroecological practices to farmers and ultimately the farming system chosen. If current market conditions and economic incentives prove to be insufficient to promote the uptake of agroecological practices, then the associated non‐market or social benefits may be key in generating appropriate rewards to farmers adopting these systems. L'agroécologie n'est pas un nouveau concept. Son importance croissante est toutefois liée à une plus grande prise de conscience par la société des pressions environnementales associées aux pratiques agricoles, à une baisse du nombre d'agriculteurs, au pouvoir de marché croissant des grandes entreprises et aux liens entre la mauvaise santé et les habitudes de consommation alimentaire. Dans ce contexte, l'agroécologie est proposée comme modèle alternatif et durable de production agricole et d'organisation des systèmes alimentaires. Cependant, l'adoption de pratiques agroécologiques en Europe est faible. Moins de 3 % de toutes les exploitations ont été définies comme agroécologiques car atteignant un seuil prédéterminé sur les cinq grands principes de gestion soutenant ce concept. La viabilité économique, en particulier le revenu du travail, sera un facteur clé pour déterminer l'attractivité des pratiques agroécologiques pour les agriculteurs et, en définitive, leur choix de système d'exploitation. Si les conditions actuelles du marché et les incitations économiques s'avèrent insuffisantes pour promouvoir l'adoption de pratiques agroécologiques, les avantages non marchands ou sociaux associés peuvent être essentiels pour générer des récompenses appropriées pour les agriculteurs qui adoptent ces systèmes. Agrarökologie ist kein neues Konzept. Ihre zunehmende Bedeutung hängt jedoch mit einem stärkeren gesellschaftlichen Bewusstsein für die mit landwirtschaftlichen Praktiken verbundenen Umweltbelastungen, mit dem Rückgang der Zahl landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe, mit der wachsenden Marktmacht großer Unternehmen und mit den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Krankheiten und Ernährungsgewohnheiten zusammen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Agrarökologie als alternatives und nachhaltiges Modell für die landwirtschaftliche Produktion und die Organisation von Lebensmittelsystemen vorgeschlagen. Die Verbreitung agrarökologischer Praktiken in Europa ist jedoch gering. Weniger als 3% aller landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe wurden als agrarökologisch definiert, indem sie einen festgelegten Schwellenwert für alle fünf wichtigen Bewirtschaftungsgrundsätze erreichten. Die wirtschaftliche Tragfähigkeit, insbesondere die Arbeitsrentabilität, ist ein Schlüsselfaktor für die Attraktivität agrarökologischer Praktiken und letztlich für das gewählte Bewirtschaftungssystem. Wenn sich die aktuellen Marktbedingungen und wirtschaftlichen Anreize als unzureichend erweisen, um die Einführung agrarökologischer Verfahren zu fördern, dann können die damit verbundenen nicht‐marktbezogenen oder sozialen Vorteile der Schlüssel zu einer angemessenen Entlohnung der Landwirte und Landwirtinnen sein, die diese Systeme übernehmen.

Suggested Citation

  • Alan Matthews, 2022. "Prospects for Agroecology in Europe," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 21(3), pages 80-83, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:21:y:2022:i:3:p:80-83
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12376
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    1. Sophia Davidova & Nathalie Hostiou & Maria Alebaki & Alastair Bailey & Zoltan Bakucs & Julie Duval & Penelope Gouta & Stuart Henderson & Anne‐Lise Jacquot & Philippe Jeanneaux & Błażej Jendrzejewski &, 2022. "What Does Ecological Farming Mean for Farm Labour?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 21(3), pages 21-26, December.
    2. Jan Douwe Van der Ploeg & Marjolein Visser, 2019. "The economic potential of agroecology: Empirical evidence from Europe," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/289295, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    3. Andrew Barnes & Helena Hansson & Larissa Billaudet & Gaëlle Leduc & Gordana Manevska Tasevska & Mary Ryan & Bethan Thompson & Luiza Toma & Sabine Duvaleix‐Tréguer & Irene Tzouramani, 2022. "European Farmer Perspectives and their Adoption of Ecological Practices," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 21(3), pages 5-12, December.
    4. David Miller & Sophie Legras & Andrew Barnes & Mara Cazacu & Oriana Gava & Janne Helin & Katherine Irvine & Jochen Kantelhardt & Jan Landert & Laure Latruffe & Andreas Mayer & Andreas Niedermayr & And, 2022. "Creating Conditions for Harnessing the Potential of Transitions to Agroecology in Europe and Requirements for Policy," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 21(3), pages 72-79, December.
    5. Andreas Mayer & Gerald Kalt & Lisa Kaufmann & Elin Röös & Adrian Muller & Rainer Weisshaidinger & Anita Frehner & Nicolas Roux & Pete Smith & Michaela C. Theurl & Sarah Matej & Karlheinz Erb, 2022. "Impacts of Scaling up Agroecology on the Sustainability of European Agriculture in 2050," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 21(3), pages 27-36, December.
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