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Employment Effects of the CAP in Italian Agriculture: Territorial Diversity and Policy Effectiveness

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  • Francesco Mantino

Abstract

The objectives of this article are to provide insights on the employment impacts of CAP measures in Italian agriculture over the period 2007–14, and to explore the diversity of these impacts in four types of area. The main policy tools of the First Pillar have debatable impacts on agricultural employment in all area types, although they were not specifically designed to create jobs but to ensure food production and socio†environmentally sustainable land management practices. Second Pillar measures bring positive and significant rural development effects to the areas of Italy studied, but these effects differ according to the type of measure: farm and agro†industrial investment support generates higher employment effects than measures for the agri†environment, less favoured areas, or rural diversification. The intensity of these effects is higher in those areas where conditions for development are more favourable. They still have positive effects in Peripheral Areas, but the cost of creating new jobs in such areas is higher. It can be argued that we need a more flexible CAP, capable of fitting diverse territorial needs, and strengthened by rules of policy design and implementation more oriented towards the pursuit of territorial cohesion.Cet article vise à donner un aperçu des impacts des mesures de la PAC sur l'emploi dans l'agriculture italienne au cours de la période 2007–14 et à explorer la diversité de ces impacts dans quatre types de zones. Les principaux instruments de politique du premier pilier ont des répercussions sur l'emploi agricole dans tous les domaines, bien qu'ils n'aient pas été spécifiquement conçus pour créer des emplois mais pour assurer la production alimentaire et des pratiques de gestion durable des terres au plan social et environnemental. Les mesures du deuxième pilier apportent des effets positifs et significatifs sur le développement rural dans les régions d'Italie, mais ces effets diffèrent selon le type de mesure: le soutien aux investissements agricoles et agro†industriels génère des effets plus élevés sur l'emploi que les mesures agroenvironnementales, les mesures pour les zones moins favorisées, celles pour la diversification rurale. L'intensité de ces effets est plus élevée dans les zones où les conditions de développement sont plus favorables. Ils ont toujours des effets positifs dans les zones périphériques, mais le coût de la création de nouveaux emplois dans ces zones est plus élevé. On peut soutenir que nous avons besoin d'une PAC plus flexible, capable de répondre à divers besoins territoriaux et renforcée par des règles de conception et de mise en œuvre des politiques plus orientées vers la poursuite de la cohésion territoriale.Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, Einblicke in die Auswirkungen der GAP Maßnahmen auf die Beschäftigung in der italienischen Landwirtschaft im Zeitraum 2007 bis 2014 zu geben, sowie die Unterschiedlichkeit dieser Auswirkungen in vier verschiedenen Arten von Gebieten zu erforschen. Die wichtigsten Politikwerkzeuge der ersten Säule haben umstrittene Auswirkungen auf die Beschäftigung in allen Bereichen, obwohl sie nicht speziell dafür konzipiert waren, Arbeitsplätze zu schaffen, sondern dafür, die Lebensmittelproduktion und eine gesellschaftlich†ökologisch nachhaltige Landbewirtschaftung zu sichern. Die Maßnahmen der zweiten Säule haben positive und signifikante Entwicklungseffekte auf die ländlichen Gebiete in den untersuchten Regionen Italiens, diese Effekte variieren jedoch je nach Art der Maßnahme: Die Unterstützung von Investitionen in landwirtschaftliche Betriebe und in die Agrarwirtschaft haben eine stärkere Wirkung auf die Beschäftigung, als Agrar†Umweltbeihilfen, die Förderung benachteiligter Gebiete oder die Diversifizierung der Tätigkeiten im landwirtschaftlichen und landwirtschaftsnahen Bereich. In den Regionen mit besseren Entwicklungsbedingungen ist das Ausmaß dieser Effekte stärker. Die Maßnahmen der zweiten Säule haben dennoch auch auf Randgebiete eine positive Wirkung, jedoch sind die Kosten für die Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze in solchen Regionen höher. Es kann daher argumentiert werden, dass wir eine flexiblere GAP benötigen, die in der Lage ist, an unterschiedliche regionale Bedürfnisse angepasst zu werden und die sich – gestärkt durch die Regeln der Politikgestaltung und –umsetzung – an einem Streben nach territorialem Zusammenhalt orientiert.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Mantino, 2017. "Employment Effects of the CAP in Italian Agriculture: Territorial Diversity and Policy Effectiveness," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 16(3), pages 12-17, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:16:y:2017:i:3:p:12-17
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12175
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    7. Dupraz, Pierre & Latruffe, Laure & Mann, Stefan, 2010. "Trends in family, hired and contract labour use on French and Swiss crop farms: The role of agricultural policies," Working Papers 210392, Institut National de la recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departement Sciences Sociales, Agriculture et Alimentation, Espace et Environnement (SAE2).
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    2. Sadowski, Arkadiusz & Wojcieszak-Zbierska, Monika Małgorzata & Beba, Patrycja, 2021. "Territorial differences in agricultural investments co-financed by the European Union in Poland," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    3. Alessandro Marucci & Lorena Fiorini & Chiara Di Dato & Francesco Zullo, 2020. "Marginality Assessment: Computational Applications on Italian Municipalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Agnė Žičkienė & Rasa Melnikienė & Mangirdas Morkūnas & Artiom Volkov, 2022. "CAP Direct Payments and Economic Resilience of Agriculture: Impact Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-24, August.

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