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The Co‐Operative Reform Process In Tanzania And Sri Lanka

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  • Johnston Birchall
  • Richard Simmons

Abstract

ABSTRACT**: This article reports on findings from a three year study of co‐operatives in Sri Lanka and Tanzania. The article asks three questions: why do co‐operative sectors need reforming; what is the co‐operative reform process; and why has reform succeeded in some countries but not others? It provides a short history of co‐operatives in three phases: the colonial period, the post‐colonial nationalist period and the period of market liberalisation. It shows that the control exercised by colonial governments was deepened under nationalist governments, with co‐operatives becoming parastatals. Liberalisation brought a sustained attempt by international agencies to reassert the distinctive nature of co‐operatives as member‐owned businesses. However, co‐ops were ill‐prepared to adjust to a competitive market and the lifting of government regulation; many failed, some were corrupted, while a few became truly member‐controlled. The article draws on documentary analysis and key informant interviews to provide accounts of the reform process in Tanzania and Sri Lanka. It finds that the process is incomplete and often contested.

Suggested Citation

  • Johnston Birchall & Richard Simmons, 2010. "The Co‐Operative Reform Process In Tanzania And Sri Lanka," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 81(3), pages 467-500, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:annpce:v:81:y:2010:i:3:p:467-500
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8292.2010.00418.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Johnston Birchall & Richard Simmons, 2004. "What Motivates Members to Participate in Co‐operative and Mutual Businesses?," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(3), pages 465-495, September.
    2. Wanyama, Fredrick. & Develtere, Patrick. & Pollet, Ignace., 2009. "Reinventing the wheel? African cooperatives in a liberalized economic environment," ILO Working Papers 995017393002676, International Labour Organization.
    3. Wanyama, Fredrick O. & Develtere, Patrick. & Pollet, Ignace., 2009. "Reinventing the wheel? : African cooperatives in a liberalized economic environment," ILO Working Papers 994346793402676, International Labour Organization.
    4. repec:ilo:ilowps:434679 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Fredrick O. Wanyama & Patrick Develtere & Ignace Pollet, 2009. "Reinventing The Wheel? African Cooperatives In A Liberalized Economic Environment," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 80(3), pages 361-392, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Smaïl Amghrous & Damien Rousselière, 2019. "L’implication des agriculteurs dans les coopératives dans un pays en transition vers une économie de marché : Une application aux coopératives agricoles de services algériennes," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 31(4), pages 724-749, September.
    2. Raoul Herrmann & Ephraim Nkonya & Anja Faße, 2018. "Food value chain linkages and household food security in Tanzania," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 10(4), pages 827-839, August.
    3. Johnston Birchall, 2013. "The potential of co-operatives during the current recession; theorizing comparative advantage," Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity, European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises, vol. 2(1), pages 1-22, May.
    4. Simmons, Richard & Sevarlic, Miladin M. & Nikolic, Marija M., 2010. "The Role And Potential Of Co-Operatives In Poverty Reduction And Local Economic Development In Serbia," Monography: Agriculture in Late Transition - Experience of Serbia,, Serbian Association of Agricultural Economists.

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