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The effect of economic sanctions on the mortality of Iraqi children prior to the 1991 Persian Gulf War

Author

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  • Daponte, B.O.
  • Garfield, R.

Abstract

Objectives. This study examined the effect of sanctions on mortality among Iraqi children. Methods. The effects of economic sanctions on health are not well known. Past studies on the effect of economic sanctions on mortality have suffered from unreliable data sources and the collinearity of sanctions with other negative economic events. We overcame these weaknesses by using individual child records from a retrospective survey of mothers conducted after the 1991 Persian Gulf War to examine the effect of sanctions on mortality among Iraqi children. Multivariate proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the effect of economic sanctions prior to war (from August through December 1990). Results. We found that after controlling for child and maternal characteristics, when economic sanctions were entered into the proportional hazards equation, the risk of dying increased dramatically. This increase was highly significant statistically. Conclusions. Innovative application of robust epidemiologic research tools can contribute to assessments of health and well-being even under the methodological and practical constraints of comprehensive economic sanctions, but more research is needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Daponte, B.O. & Garfield, R., 2000. "The effect of economic sanctions on the mortality of Iraqi children prior to the 1991 Persian Gulf War," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 90(4), pages 546-552.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2000:90:4:546-552_4
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    Cited by:

    1. Haqiqi , Iman & Bahalou Horeh , Marziyeh, 2013. "Macroeconomic Impacts of Export Barriers in a Dynamic CGE Model," Journal of Money and Economy, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, vol. 8(3), pages 117-150, July.
    2. Tibor Besedeš & Stefan Goldbach & Volker Nitsch, 2017. "You’re banned! The effect of sanctions on German cross-border financial flows," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 32(90), pages 263-318.
    3. Lee, Yong Suk, 2018. "International isolation and regional inequality: Evidence from sanctions on North Korea," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 34-51.
    4. Dizaji, S.F. & Lis, P. & Murshed, S.M. & Zweiri, M., 2020. "What the political economy literature tells us about blockades and sanctions," ISS Working Papers - General Series 130655, International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam (ISS), The Hague.
    5. Atheer Kadhim Ibadi, 2018. "Describing of Referral Health System for Pregnant Women in Al-Najaf-Iraq," Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, Biomedical Research Network+, LLC, vol. 4(4), pages 4051-4055, May.
    6. Sedrakyan, Gohar Samvel, 2022. "Ukraine war-induced sanctions against Russia: Consequences on transition economies," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 44(5), pages 863-885.
    7. Matthias Neuenkirch & Florian Neumeier, 2015. "Always Affecting the Wrong People? The Impact of US Sanctions on Poverty," Research Papers in Economics 2015-03, University of Trier, Department of Economics.
    8. L. Savard, 2024. "A Socio−economic Impact Analysis of the Political Crisis in Burundi with a Focus on Children: A Macro–Micro Framework," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 36(4), pages 925-956, August.
    9. Neuenkirch, Matthias & Neumeier, Florian, 2016. "The impact of US sanctions on poverty," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 110-119.
    10. Hatipoglu, Emre & Soytas, Mehmet Ali & Belaïd, Fateh, 2023. "Environmental consequences of geopolitical crises: The case of economic sanctions and emissions," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    11. Antonis Adam & Sofia Tsarsitalidou, 2019. "Do sanctions lead to a decline in civil liberties?," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 180(3), pages 191-215, September.
    12. Dmitriy, Skrypnik & Marina, Shakleina, 2019. "Counter sanctions and well-being population of Russia: econometric analyses," MPRA Paper 94478, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Omar, Ayman & Lambe, Brendan John, 2022. "Crude oil pricing and statecraft: Surprising lessons from US economic sanctions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    14. Neuenkirch, Matthias & Neumeier, Florian, 2015. "The impact of UN and US economic sanctions on GDP growth," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 40(PA), pages 110-125.
    15. Faraji Dizaji, Sajjad & Ghadamgahi, Zeinab Sadat, 2021. "The impact of smart and non-smart sanctions on government health expenditures: evidence from developing resource-based countries," MPRA Paper 108787, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Onialisoa Mirana Rakotoarivelo & Hanitriniaina Sammy Gr´egoire Ravelonirina, 2019. "On the Dynamic of Country Development," Journal of Mathematics Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(2), pages 1-19, April.
    17. Ioana M. PETRESCU, 2016. "The Humanitarian Impact Of Economic Sanctions," Europolity – Continuity and Change in European Governance - New Series, Department of International Relations and European Integration, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, vol. 10(2), pages 1-41.

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