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Determinants and consequences of obesity

Author

Listed:
  • Hruby, A.
  • Manson, J.E.
  • Qi, L.
  • Malik, V.S.
  • Rimm, E.B.
  • Sun, Q.
  • Willett, W.C.
  • Hu, F.B.

Abstract

Objectives.To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS and NHS II) in addressing hypotheses regarding risk factors for and consequences of obesity. Methods. Narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. Results. Long- Term NHS research has shown that weight gain and being overweight or obese are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancers, and premature death. The cohorts have elucidated the role of dietary and lifestyle factors in obesity, especially sugar-sweetened beverages, poor diet quality, physical inactivity, prolonged screen time, short sleep duration or shift work, and built environment characteristics. Genome-wide association and gene-lifestyle interaction studies have shown that genetic factors predispose individuals to obesity but that such susceptibility can be attenuated by healthy lifestyle choices. This research has contributed to evolving clinical and public health guidelines on the importance of limiting weight gain through healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors. Conclusions. The NHS cohorts have contributed to our understanding of the risk factors for and consequences of obesity and made a lasting impact on clinical and public health guidelines on obesity prevention.

Suggested Citation

  • Hruby, A. & Manson, J.E. & Qi, L. & Malik, V.S. & Rimm, E.B. & Sun, Q. & Willett, W.C. & Hu, F.B., 2016. "Determinants and consequences of obesity," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(9), pages 1656-1662.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2016.303326_3
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303326
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    2. Atanasova, Petya & Kusuma, Dian & Pineda, Elisa & Frost, Gary & Sassi, Franco & Miraldo, Marisa, 2022. "The impact of the consumer and neighbourhood food environment on dietary intake and obesity-related outcomes: A systematic review of causal impact studies," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    3. Supa Pengpid & Karl Peltzer, 2021. "Overweight and Obesity among Adults in Iraq: Prevalence and Correlates from a National Survey in 2015," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-10, April.
    4. Elijah N. Muange & Marther W. Ngigi, 2021. "Dietary quality and overnutrition among adults in Kenya: what role does ICT play?," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 13(4), pages 1013-1028, August.
    5. Xin Fang & Chao Song & YinLin Ge & JinYu Zhang, 2018. "Effects of Endogenous n-3PUFA on Body Weight, Autophagy and Inflammation in Mice," International Journal of Sciences, Office ijSciences, vol. 7(03), pages 64-70, March.
    6. Eun Young Lee & Sugie Lee & Bo Youl Choi & Jungsoon Choi, 2019. "Influence of Neighborhood Environment on Korean Adult Obesity Using a Bayesian Spatial Multilevel Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-15, October.
    7. Park, Hyun Joon & Francisco, Sara Chari & Pang, M. Rosemary & Peng, Lulu & Chi, Guangqing, 2023. "Exposure to anti-Black Lives Matter movement and obesity of the Black population," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    8. Michelle M. Vine & Rachel E. Laxer & Jessica Lee & Daniel W. Harrington & Heather E. Manson, 2021. "Exploring Factors Contributing to the Implementation of Ontario’s Healthy Kids Community Challenge: Surveys and Key Stakeholder Interviews with Program Providers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-18, October.
    9. María Correa-Rodríguez & Emilio González-Jiménez & à ngel Fernández-Aparicio & Jose Luis Gómez-Urquiza & Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle & Blanca Rueda-Medina, 2021. "Dietary Energy Density is Associated with Body Mass Index and Fat Mass in Early Adulthood," Clinical Nursing Research, , vol. 30(5), pages 591-598, June.
    10. Katharina C. Wirnitzer & Mohamad Motevalli & Derrick R. Tanous & Gerold Wirnitzer & Karl-Heinz Wagner & Armando Cocca & Manuel Schätzer & Werner Kirschner & Clemens Drenowatz & Gerhard Ruedl, 2022. "Study Protocol of “Sustainably Healthy—From Science 2 Highschool & University”—Prevalence of Mixed, Vegetarian, and Vegan Diets Linked to Sports & Exercise among Austrian Tertiary Students and Lecture," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-24, November.
    11. Jiménez-Aguilar, Alejandra & Rodríguez-Oliveros, María Guadalupe & Uribe-Carvajal, Rebeca & González-Unzaga, Marco Aurelio & Escalante-Izeta, Ericka Ileana & Reyes-Morales, Hortensia, 2019. "Design of an educational strategy based on Intervention Mapping for nutritional health promotion in Child Care Centers," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1-1.
    12. Qingmao Rao & Li Bai & Yalan LV & Abu Saleh Abdullah & Ian Brooks & Yunjie Xie & Yong Zhao & Xiaorong Hou, 2020. "Goal-Framing and Temporal-Framing: Effects on the Acceptance of Childhood Simple Obesity Prevention Messages among Preschool Children’s Caregivers in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-15, January.
    13. Kent E. Portney & Garett Thomas Sansom, 2017. "Sustainable Cities and Healthy Cities: Are They the Same?," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 2(3), pages 45-55.
    14. Zoë Fannon & Christiaan Monden & Bent Nielsen, 2021. "Modelling non‐linear age‐period‐cohort effects and covariates, with an application to English obesity 2001–2014," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 184(3), pages 842-867, July.
    15. Gavin R. McCormack & Anita Blackstaffe & Alberto Nettel-Aguirre & Ilona Csizmadi & Beverly Sandalack & Francisco Alaniz Uribe & Afrah Rayes & Christine Friedenreich & Melissa L. Potestio, 2018. "The Independent Associations between Walk Score ® and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Waist Circumference, Waist-To-Hip Ratio and Body Mass Index Among Urban Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, June.
    16. Florian Kroll & Elizabeth Catherina Swart & Reginald Adjetey Annan & Anne Marie Thow & David Neves & Charles Apprey & Linda Nana Esi Aduku & Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong & Jean-Claude Moubarac & Andrie, 2019. "Mapping Obesogenic Food Environments in South Africa and Ghana: Correlations and Contradictions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-31, July.
    17. Ting-Ti Lin & Yue Leon Guo & Christopher Gordon & Elizabeth Cayanan & Yi-Chuan Chen & Chung-Mei Ouyang & Judith Shu-Chu Shiao, 2019. "Association Between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption as Meal Substitutes, Workload, and Obesity in Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-9, December.
    18. Zoë Fannon & Christiaan Monden & Bent Nielsen, 2018. "Age-period-cohort modelling and covariates, with an application to obesity in England 2001-2014," Economics Papers 2018-W05, Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.

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