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Organizacja i Efektywność Polskich Gospodarstw Ekologicznych w Porównaniu do Konwencjonalnych

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  • Komorowska, Dorota

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest porównanie i ocena organizacji i efektywności gospodarstw ekologicznych na tle konwencjonalnych, na podstawie danych z gospodarstw objętych rachunkowością rolną w systemie FADN w 2021 roku. Badane gospodarstwa oceniono i porównano w zakresie potencjału produkcyjnego, organizacji, intensywności i wydajności produkcji, wyników produkcyjnych i ekonomicznych oraz efektywności czynników wytwórczych. Zastosowano metody analizy wskaźnikowej. Z badań wynika, że gospodarstwa ekologiczne angażują relatywnie większe nakłady pracy, ale wyraźnie mniejsze środków produkcyjnych w relacji do zasobów ziemi. W związku z tym, poziom intensywności ich produkcji jest wyraźnie niższy, a to znajduje odzwierciedlenie na ogół w relatywnie niższym poziomie wydajności produkcji oraz wyników produkcyjnych i ekonomicznych. W przypadku warzyw z upraw ekologicznych występuje duże zróżnicowanie w ich plonowaniu w porównaniu do upraw konwencjonalnych. Możliwe jest uzyskiwanie relatywnie większej wydajności, np. w produkcji ekologicznych ogórków, marchwi, kapusty, co świadczy o dużej roli postępu biologicznego oraz ekologicznych metod wytwarzania, w tym zwłaszcza uprawy i nawożenia gleby, w kształtowaniu wydajności produkcji roślinnej. Badania dowiodły, że osiągnięcia w hodowli roślin uprawnych oraz upowszechnianie postępu biologicznego odgrywa często dominującą rolę w uzyskiwaniu wzrostu wydajności konwencjonalnej produkcji roślinnej. W związku z tym, postęp biologiczny nabiera szczególnego znaczenia w kontekście poprawy wydajności i efektywności gospodarstw ekologicznych. Oznacza to konieczność zwiększania wysiłków na rzecz rozwoju postępu biologicznego w rolnictwie ekologicznym.

Suggested Citation

  • Komorowska, Dorota, 2024. "Organizacja i Efektywność Polskich Gospodarstw Ekologicznych w Porównaniu do Konwencjonalnych," Roczniki (Annals), Polish Association of Agricultural Economists and Agribusiness - Stowarzyszenie Ekonomistow Rolnictwa e Agrobiznesu (SERiA), vol. 2024(2).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:paaero:348641
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348641
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    References listed on IDEAS

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