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The Last Farm Bill?

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  • Barnett, Barry J.

Abstract

“Farm bill” is a colloquial term for omnibus legislation that authorizes various government programs related to agriculture, food, and rural areas. Some of these programs have their roots in New Deal legislation. Others were initially authorized after the New Deal and subsequently included in farm bills. Some debate exists about exactly which omnibus legislation was the precursor of modern-day farm bills. However, since at least 1973, farm bills have included titles related to farm programs, trade, rural development, farm credit, conservation, agricultural research, food and nutrition programs, and marketing. Beginning in 2008, crop insurance-authorizing language was also included in the farm bill. Farm bills generally have a life of approximately five years. In the case of farm support programs (typically authorized in Title 1), the farm billtemporarily amends permanent legislation. When the farm bill expires, theseprograms revert to permanent legislation (from the 1930s and 1940s) unless a new farm bill is adopted that again temporarily amends permanent legislation. The permanent legislation would put in place price supports, at extremely high levels, for many agricultural commodities, distorting markets and greatly increasing federal costs. The specter of reverting to permanent legislation has, through the years, been used by Congress to ensure that future Congresses will replace expiring farm bills with new legislation.
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Suggested Citation

  • Barnett, Barry J., 2014. "The Last Farm Bill?," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 46(3), pages 1-9, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:joaaec:183117
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.183117
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    1. David A. Hennessy & Bruce A. Babcock & Dermot J. Hayes, 1997. "Budgetary and Producer Welfare Effects of Revenue Insurance," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 79(3), pages 1024-1034.
    2. Barnett, Barry J., 2014. "The Last Farm Bill?," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(3), pages 311-319, August.
    3. Ubilava, David & Barnett, Barry J. & Coble, Keith H. & Harri, Ardian, 2011. "The SURE Program and Its Interaction with Other Federal Farm Programs," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 36(3), pages 1-19.
    4. Dimitri, Carolyn & Effland, Anne & Conklin, Neilson C., 2005. "The 20th Century Transformation of U.S. Agriculture and Farm Policy," Economic Information Bulletin 59390, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    5. Keith H. Coble & Barry J. Barnett, 2013. "Why Do We Subsidize Crop Insurance?," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 95(2), pages 498-504.
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    1. Barnett, Barry J., 2014. "The Last Farm Bill?," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(3), pages 311-319, August.

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