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Electronic vs. Open Outcry: Side-by-Side Trading of KCBT Wheat Futures

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  • Shah, Samarth
  • Brorsen, B. Wade

Abstract

This study compares liquidity costs of electronic and open-outcry wheat futures contracts traded side-by-side on the Kansas City Board of Trade. Liquidity costs are considerably lower in the electronic market. Liquidity costs in the electronic market are still considerably lower after eliminating the bias created by splitting orders in the electronic market. Price volatility and transaction size are positively related to liquidity costs, while a negative relation is found between daily volume and liquidity costs. Price clustering at whole cent prices occurs in the open-outcry market which helps explain its higher liquidity costs. Daily volumes were distinctively higher during the Goldman-Sachs roll, but not enough to explain the higher liquidity costs in the open-outcry market. Trade size is larger in the open-outcry market, which suggests large traders prefer open-outcry trading.

Suggested Citation

  • Shah, Samarth & Brorsen, B. Wade, 2011. "Electronic vs. Open Outcry: Side-by-Side Trading of KCBT Wheat Futures," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 36(1), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:jlaare:105518
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.105518
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    1. Christie, William G & Schultz, Paul H, 1994. "Why Do NASDAQ Market Makers Avoid Odd-Eighth Quotes?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(5), pages 1813-1840, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Irwin, Scott H. & Sanders, Dwight R., 2012. "Financialization and Structural Change in Commodity Futures Markets," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 44(3), pages 1-26, August.
    2. Mehdi Arzandeh & Julieta Frank, 2019. "Price Discovery in Agricultural Futures Markets: Should We Look beyond the Best Bid-Ask Spread?," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 101(5), pages 1482-1498.
    3. Xinyue He & Teresa Serra & Philip Garcia, 2021. "Resilience in “Flash Events” in the Corn and Lean Hog Futures Markets," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(2), pages 743-764, March.
    4. Miao Li & Tao Xiong & Ziran Li, 2023. "A tale of two contracts: Examining the behavior of bid–ask spreads of corn futures in China," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(6), pages 792-806, June.
    5. Joseph P. Janzen & Michael K. Adjemian, 2017. "Estimating the Location of World Wheat Price Discovery," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 99(5), pages 1188-1207.
    6. Perera, Devmali & Białkowski, Jędrzej & Bohl, Martin T., 2020. "Does the tea market require a futures contract? Evidence from the Sri Lankan tea market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    7. Eleni Gousgounis & Esen Onur, 2024. "The end of an era: Who paid the price when the livestock futures pits closed?," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 106(3), pages 1111-1140, May.
    8. Costa, Geraldo Jr. & Trujillo-Barrera, Andres & Pennings, Joost M.E., 2018. "Concentration and Liquidity Costs in Emerging Commodity Exchanges," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 43(3), September.
    9. Xiaoyang Wang & Philip Garcia & Scott H. Irwin, 2014. "The Behavior of Bid-Ask Spreads in the Electronically-Traded Corn Futures Market," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 96(2), pages 557-577.
    10. Scott H. Irwin & Dwight R. Sanders & Lei Yan, 2023. "The order flow cost of index rolling in commodity futures markets," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(2), pages 1025-1050, June.
    11. Lauter, Tobias & Prokopczuk, Marcel, 2022. "Measuring commodity market quality," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    12. Mehdi Arzandeh & Julieta Frank, 2019. "Price Discovery in Agricultural Futures Markets: Should We Look beyond the Best Bid‐Ask Spread?," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 101(5), pages 1482-1498, October.

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