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Capital-Energy Relationships: An Analysis when Disaggregating by Industry and Different Types of Capital

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  • Miguel A. Tovar and Emma M. Iglesias

Abstract

In this paper we analyze the relationship between capital and energy through cross price elasticities. First, we extend Thomsen’s (2000) methodology in order to link the short and long run in a panel data setting, by including an equation for the motion of capital. Then, by using an expansive industry-level data set and two functional forms, we show clear evidence of long run complementarity in all the analyzed industries, and with respect to the different types of capital that we consider (buildings and machinery). We identify the industries with the greatest degree of dependence between energy and capital. These are therefore, the industries in which a policy of increasing energy prices via taxes to reduce energy consumption may have a serious effect, reducing their investment levels. Hence we recommend that a better governmental policy would be to encourage technological diffusion.
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  • Miguel A. Tovar and Emma M. Iglesias, 2013. "Capital-Energy Relationships: An Analysis when Disaggregating by Industry and Different Types of Capital," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 4).
    • Handle: RePEc:aen:journl:ej34-4-07
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    4. Haller, Stefanie A. & Hyland, Marie, 2014. "Capital–energy substitution: Evidence from a panel of Irish manufacturing firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 501-510.
    5. Dong Hee Suh, 2015. "Declining Energy Intensity in the U.S. Agricultural Sector: Implications for Factor Substitution and Technological Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-14, September.
    6. Sebastian M. Deininger & Lukas Mohler & Daniel Mueller, 2018. "Factor substitution in Swiss manufacturing: empirical evidence using micro panel data," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Springer;Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, vol. 154(1), pages 1-15, December.
    7. Sharimakin, Akinsehinwa & Glass, Anthony J. & Saal, David S. & Glass, Karligash, 2018. "Dynamic multilevel modelling of industrial energy demand in Europe," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 120-130.
    8. Valeria Costantini & Elena Paglialunga, 2014. "Elasticity of substitution in capital-energy relationships: how central is a sector-based panel estimation approach?," SEEDS Working Papers 1314, SEEDS, Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies, revised May 2014.
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