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Kyoto, Efficiency, and Cost-Effectiveness: Applications of FUND

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  • Richard S.J. Tol

Abstract

In this paper various emission reduction scenarios are evaluated with FUND-the Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation, and Distribution model. The aim is to help international negotiators improve upon the Kyoto Protocol. International cooperation in greenhouse gas emission reduction is important, and the more of it the better. The emission reduction targets as agreed in the Kyoto Protocol are irreconcilable with economic rationality. If the targets nevertheless need to be met, it is better to start emission reduction sooner than later in order to minimise costs. Methane emission reduction may be an important instrument to reduce costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard S.J. Tol, 1999. "Kyoto, Efficiency, and Cost-Effectiveness: Applications of FUND," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Special I), pages 131-156.
    • Handle: RePEc:aen:journl:1999si-a06
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alan Manne & Richard Richels, 1992. "Buying Greenhouse Insurance: The Economic Costs of CO2 Emission Limits," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026213280x, April.
    2. Mckibbin, W.J. & Wilcoxen, P.J., 1992. "The Global Costs of Policies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Papers 97, Brookings Institution - Working Papers.
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