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What Impacts Can We Expect from School Spending Policy? Evidence from Evaluations in the United States

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  • C. Kirabo Jackson
  • Claire L. Mackevicius

Abstract

We conduct meta-analysis on a comprehensive set of studies of the impacts of US K-12 public school spending on student outcomes—estimating average marginal impacts and heterogeneity across contexts. On average, a policy increasing spending by $1,000 per pupil for four years improves test scores by 0.0316σ and college-going by 2.8 pp. Moving beyond averages, we use estimates of heterogeneity and observable policy differences to produce informative probability distributions of policy effects. Effects are smaller for economically advantaged populations, marginal effects of capital spending are similar to noncapital, and effects are similar across baseline spending levels and geography. Confounding and publication biases are minimal.

Suggested Citation

  • C. Kirabo Jackson & Claire L. Mackevicius, 2024. "What Impacts Can We Expect from School Spending Policy? Evidence from Evaluations in the United States," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 16(1), pages 412-446, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:aea:aejapp:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:412-46
    DOI: 10.1257/app.20220279
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chauvin, Juan Pablo, 2024. "Local Education Spending and Migration: Evidence from a Large Redistribution Program," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 13497, Inter-American Development Bank.
    2. Dietrichson, Jens & Klokker, Rasmus H., 2024. "Predicting preschool problems," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    3. John H.Y. Edwards, 2024. "Education Quality, Income Inequality, and Female Labor Force Participation in Brazil," Working Papers 2409, Tulane University, Department of Economics.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • I22 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Educational Finance; Financial Aid
    • I26 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Returns to Education
    • I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy

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