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When Losses Turn into Loans: The Cost of Weak Banks

Author

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  • Laura Blattner
  • Luisa Farinha
  • Francisca Rebelo

Abstract

We provide evidence that banks distort the composition of credit supply in order to comply with ratio-based capital requirements in times of economic distress. An unexpected intervention by the European Banking Authority provides a natural experiment to study how banks respond to falling below minimum required capital ratios during an economic downturn. We show that affected banks respond by cutting lending but also by reallocating credit to distressed firms with underreported loan losses. We develop a method to detect underreported losses using loan-level data. The credit reallocation leads to a reallocation of inputs across firms. We calculate that the resulting increase in input misallocation accounts for about 22 percent of the decline in productivity in Portugal in 2012.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Blattner & Luisa Farinha & Francisca Rebelo, 2023. "When Losses Turn into Loans: The Cost of Weak Banks," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 113(6), pages 1600-1641, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:113:y:2023:i:6:p:1600-1641
    DOI: 10.1257/aer.20190149
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Cappelletti, Matilde & Giuffrida, Leonardo M., 2021. "Procuring survival," ZEW Discussion Papers 21-093, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    2. Carlos Carreira & Pedro Silva, 2023. "The Determinants of Trade Credit During and After the 2008 International Financial Crisis," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 56, pages 90-110, July.
    3. Carletti, Elena & Leonello, Agnese & Marquez, Robert, 2023. "Loan guarantees, bank underwriting policies and financial stability," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(2), pages 260-295.
    4. HONDA Tomohito & ONO Arito & UESUGI Iichiro & YASUDA Yukihiro, 2023. "Anatomy of Out-of-court Debt Workouts for SMEs," Discussion papers 23088, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    5. Matilde Cappelletti & Leonardo M. Giuffrida & Gabriele Rovigatti, 2022. "Procuring Survival," CESifo Working Paper Series 10124, CESifo.
    6. Bonfim, Diana & Nogueira, Gil, 2024. "Corporate reorganization and the reallocation of labor in bankruptcy," Working Paper Series 2974, European Central Bank.
    7. Christian Keuschnigg & Michael Kogler & Johannes Matt, 2022. "Banks, Credit Reallocation, and Creative Destruction," CESifo Working Paper Series 10093, CESifo.
    8. Ricardo Pinheiro Alves & Nuno Tavares & Gabriel Osório de Barros, 2023. "Revisitar as Empresas Zombie em Portugal (2008-2021)," GEE Papers 178, Gabinete de Estratégia e Estudos, Ministério da Economia, revised Oct 2023.
    9. Jose Maria Serena & Marina‐Eliza Spaliara & Serafeim Tsoukas, 2022. "International bank credit, nonbank lenders, and access to external financing," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(3), pages 1214-1232, July.
    10. Raffaela Casciello & Marco Maffei & David A. Ziebart, 2024. "Regulatory and contextual factors influencing earnings and capital management decisions: evidence from the European banking sector," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 63(1), pages 87-146, July.
    11. Mikhail Mamonov, 2023. "Measuring Fraud in Banking and its Impact on the Economy: A Quasi-Natural Experiment," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp755, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    12. Yongcuo Zhaxi & Yukihiro Yasuda, 2024. "Determinants of Zombie Firms: The Impact of Corporate Insolvency Efficiency and Cultural Factors," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-13, July.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E23 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Production
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G38 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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