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The Role of Trade and Competitiveness Measures in US Climate Policy

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  • Carolyn Fischer
  • Alan K. Fox

Abstract

We review the proposed measures for addressing competitiveness and carbon leakage concerns in recent US climate policy legislation. For eligible energy-intensive, trade-exposed sectors, output-based rebates would initially dampen cost increases; later, border adjustments would ensure that imports face comparable cost burdens. Both measures can in theory enhance the economic efficiency of carbon reduction efforts, but both pose some interesting economic and practical trade-offs. This paper discusses our recent research into the welfare and carbon leakage effects of using output-based allocation and trade measures in conjunction with climate policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Carolyn Fischer & Alan K. Fox, 2011. "The Role of Trade and Competitiveness Measures in US Climate Policy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(3), pages 258-262, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:101:y:2011:i:3:p:258-62
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fischer, Carolyn, 2011. "Market power and output-based refunding of environmental policy revenues," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 212-230, January.
    2. Bernard, Alain L. & Fischer, Carolyn & Fox, Alan K., 2007. "Is there a rationale for output-based rebating of environmental levies?," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 83-101, May.
    3. Fischer, Carolyn & Fox, Alan K., 2009. "Comparing Policies to Combat Emissions Leakage: Border Tax Adjustments versus Rebates," RFF Working Paper Series dp-09-02, Resources for the Future.
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    Cited by:

    1. Christoph Böhringer & Knut Einar Rosendahl & Halvor Storrøsten, 2021. "Smart hedging against carbon leakage [An overview of the GTAP 9 data base]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 36(107), pages 439-484.
    2. Böhringer, Christoph & Rosendahl, Knut Einar & Storrøsten, Halvor Briseid, 2017. "Robust policies to mitigate carbon leakage," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 35-46.
    3. Aldy, Joseph E. & Burtraw, Dallas & Fischer, Carolyn & Fowlie, Meredith & Williams, Roberton C. & Cropper, Maureen L., 2022. "How is the U.S. Pricing Carbon? How Could We Price Carbon?," Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 13(3), pages 310-334, October.
    4. Zong, Yi & Gu, Guoda, 2022. "The threshold effect of manufacturing Servitization on carbon emission: An empirical analysis based on multinational panel data," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 353-364.
    5. Siddiqui, Muhammad Shahid, 2015. "Environmental taxes and international spillovers: The case of a small open economy," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 70-80.
    6. Robert C. Schmidt & Marco Runkel, 2016. "Environmental tax competition under firm mobility and leakage," Working Papers 2015016, Berlin Doctoral Program in Economics and Management Science (BDPEMS).
    7. McAusland, Carol, 2021. "Carbon taxes and footprint leakage: Spoilsport effects," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    8. Michael Jakob & Jan Christoph Steckel & Ottmar Edenhofer, 2014. "Consumption- Versus Production-Based Emission Policies," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 6(1), pages 297-318, October.
    9. Jin, Yana & Liu, Xiaorui & Chen, Xiang & Dai, Hancheng, 2020. "Allowance allocation matters in China's carbon emissions trading system," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    10. Christoph Böhringer & Knut Einar Rosendahl & Halvor Briseid Storrøsten, 2015. "Mitigating carbon leakage: Combining output-based rebating with a consumption tax," ZenTra Working Papers in Transnational Studies 54 / 2015, ZenTra - Center for Transnational Studies.
    11. Nielsen, Chris P. & Ho, Mun S. & Zhao, Yu & Wang, Yuxuan & Lei, Yu & Cao, Jing, 2013. "An Integrated Assessment of the Economic Costs and Environmental Benefits of Carbon Taxes in China," Conference papers 332406, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    12. Cohen, Mark A. & Vandenbergh, Michael P., 2012. "The potential role of carbon labeling in a green economy," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(S1), pages 53-63.
    13. Shiva Sikdar, 2023. "Trade, Transport Emissions and Multimarket Collusion with Border Adjustments," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 86(3), pages 407-432, November.
    14. Tol, Richard S.J., 2017. "The structure of the climate debate," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 431-438.
    15. Wang, Jing & Wan, Guanghua & Wang, Chen, 2019. "Participation in GVCs and CO2 emissions," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    16. Mark Sanctuary, 2018. "Border carbon adjustments and unilateral incentives to regulate the climate," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 826-851, September.
    17. Suzi Kerr & Adam Millard-Ball, 2012. "Cooperation To Reduce Developing Country Emissions," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 3(04), pages 1-30.
    18. Luyang Tang & Bangke Lu & Tianhai Tian, 2023. "The Effect of Input Digitalization on Carbon Emission Intensity: An Empirical Analysis Based on China’s Manufacturing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-22, February.
    19. Michael Jakob & Robert Marschinski & Michael Hübler, 2013. "Between a Rock and a Hard Place: A Trade-Theory Analysis of Leakage Under Production- and Consumption-Based Policies," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 56(1), pages 47-72, September.

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