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Uncertainty Traps
Citations
Blog mentions
As found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:- Uncertainty and the business cycle
by Christian Zimmermann in NEP-DGE blog on 2014-03-30 21:38:48
Citations
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
Cited by:
- Caldara, Dario & Fuentes-Albero, Cristina & Gilchrist, Simon & Zakrajšek, Egon, 2016.
"The macroeconomic impact of financial and uncertainty shocks,"
European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 185-207.
- Dario Caldara & Cristina Fuentes-Albero & Simon Gilchrist & Egon Zakrajšek, 2016. "The Macroeconomic Impact of Financial and Uncertainty Shocks," NBER Working Papers 22058, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Dario Caldara & Cristina Fuentes-Albero & Simon Gilchrist & Egon Zakrajšek, 2016. "The Macroeconomic Impact of Financial and Uncertainty Shocks," International Finance Discussion Papers 1166, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Saijo, Hikaru, 2017. "The uncertainty multiplier and business cycles," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1-25.
- Iván Alfaro & Nicholas Bloom & Xiaoji Lin, 2024.
"The Finance Uncertainty Multiplier,"
Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 132(2), pages 577-615.
- Xiaoji Lin & Nicholas Bloom & Ivan Alfaro, 2017. "The Finance-Uncertainty Multiplier," 2017 Meeting Papers 887, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Iván Alfaro & Nicholas Bloom & Xiaoji Lin, 2023. "The Finance Uncertainty Multiplier," Working Papers 01/2023, Centre for Household Finance and Macroeconomic Research (HOFIMAR), BI Norwegian Business School.
- Alfaro, Ivan & Bloom, Nicholas & Lin, Xiaoji, 2017. "The Finance Uncertainty Multiplier," Working Paper Series 2017-30, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
- Iván Alfaro & Nicholas Bloom & Xiaoji Lin, 2018. "The Finance Uncertainty Multiplier," NBER Working Papers 24571, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2020.
"The Tail That Wags the Economy: Beliefs and Persistent Stagnation,"
Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 128(8), pages 2839-2879.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2015. "The Tail that Wags the Economy: Beliefs and Persistent Stagnation," NBER Working Papers 21719, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2019. "The Tail that Wags the Economy: Beliefs and Persistent Stagnation," Working Papers 2019-6, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
- Veldkamp, Laura & Venkateswaran, Venky, 2018. "The Tail that Wags the Economy: Beliefs and Persistent Stagnation," CEPR Discussion Papers 11352, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Catalano, Michele & Di Guilmi, Corrado, 2019.
"Uncertainty, rationality and complexity in a multi-sectoral dynamic model: The dynamic stochastic generalized aggregation approach,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 117-144.
- Michele Catalano & Corrado Di Guilmi, 2016. "Uncertainty, rationality and complexity in a multi sectoral dynamic model: the Dynamic Stochastic Generalized Aggregation approach," CAMA Working Papers 2016-16, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
- Bas Aarle & Cindy Moons, 2017. "Sentiment and Uncertainty Fluctuations and Their Effects on the Euro Area Business Cycle," Journal of Business Cycle Research, Springer;Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys (CIRET), vol. 13(2), pages 225-251, November.
- Ana Figueiredo, 2017. "Uncertainty in education: The role of communities and social learning," 2017 Meeting Papers 529, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Ambrocio, Gene, 2017.
"The real effects of overconfidence and fundamental uncertainty shocks,"
Research Discussion Papers
37/2017, Bank of Finland.
- Ambrocio, Gene, 2017. "The real effects of overconfidence and fundamental uncertainty shocks," Research Discussion Papers 37, Bank of Finland.
- Bachmann, Rüdiger & Born, Benjamin & Elstner, Steffen & Grimme, Christian, 2019.
"Time-varying business volatility and the price setting of firms,"
Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 82-99.
- Bachmann, Rüdiger & Born, Benjamin & Grimme, Christian, 2013. "Time-Varying Business Volatility and the Price Setting of Firms," CEPR Discussion Papers 9702, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Ruediger Bachmann & Benjamin Born & Steffen Elstner & Christian Grimme, 2013. "Time-Varying Business Volatility and the Price Setting of Firms," NBER Working Papers 19180, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Bachmann, Rildiger & Born, Benjamin & Elstner, Steffen & Grimme, Christian, 2019. "Time-varying business volatility and the price setting of firms," Munich Reprints in Economics 78278, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
- Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde & Pablo Guerron-Quintana, 2020.
"Uncertainty Shocks and Business Cycle Research,"
Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 37, pages 118-166, August.
- Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús, 2020. "Uncertainty Shocks and Business Cycle Research," CEPR Discussion Papers 14398, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Pablo A. Guerrón-Quintana, 2020. "Uncertainty Shocks and Business Cycle Research," NBER Working Papers 26768, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Dow, Sheila, 2016.
"Uncertainty: A diagrammatic treatment,"
Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 10, pages 1-25.
- Dow, Sheila, 2015. "Uncertainty: A diagrammatic treatment," Economics Discussion Papers 2015-36, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
- Kopytov, Alexandr & Roussanov, Nikolai & Taschereau-Dumouchel, Mathieu, 2018.
"Short-run pain, long-run gain? Recessions and technological transformation,"
Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 29-44.
- Alexandr Kopytov & Nikolai Roussanov & Mathieu Taschereau-Dumouchel, 2018. "Short-Run Pain, Long-Run Gain? Recessions and Technological Transformation," NBER Working Papers 24373, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Schaal, Edouard & Taschereau-Dumouchel, Mathieu, 2023.
"Herding through booms and busts,"
Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
- Edouard Schaal & Mathieu Taschereau-Dumouchel, 2020. "Herding Through Booms and Busts," Working Papers 1166, Barcelona School of Economics.
- Schaal, Edouard & Taschereau-Dumouchel, Mathieu, 2021. "Herding Through Booms and Busts," CEPR Discussion Papers 16368, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- N. Bloom, 2016.
"Fluctuations in uncertainty,"
Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP Voprosy Ekonomiki, issue 4.
- Nicholas Bloom, 2014. "Fluctuations in Uncertainty," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 28(2), pages 153-176, Spring.
- Nicholas Bloom, 2013. "Fluctuations in Uncertainty," CEP Occasional Papers 038, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- Nicholas Bloom, 2014. "Fluctuations In Uncertainty," Working Papers 14-17, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
- Nicholas Bloom, 2014. "Fluctuations in Uncertainty," Discussion Papers 13-033, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.
- Nicholas Bloom, 2013. "Fluctuations in Uncertainty," NBER Working Papers 19714, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Bloom, Nicholas, 2013. "Fluctuations in uncertainty," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 57976, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Mayumi Ojima & Junnosuke Shino & Kozo Ueda, 2014.
"Buyer-Size Discounts and Inflation Dynamics,"
CAMA Working Papers
2014-04, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
- Mayumi Ojima & Junnosuke Shino & Kozo Ueda, 2014. "Buyer-Size Discounts and Inflation Dynamics," Working Papers e071, Tokyo Center for Economic Research.
- Mayumi Ojima & Junnosuke Shino & Kozo Ueda, 2014. "Buyer-Size Discounts and Inflation Dynamics," UTokyo Price Project Working Paper Series 017, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Economics.
- repec:zbw:bofrdp:2017_037 is not listed on IDEAS
- Sangyup Choi & Myungkyu Shim, 2019.
"Financial vs. Policy Uncertainty in Emerging Market Economies,"
Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 297-318, April.
- Sangyup Choi & Myungkyu Shim, 2018. "Financial vs. Policy Uncertainty in Emerging Market Economies," Working papers 2018rwp-116, Yonsei University, Yonsei Economics Research Institute.
- Sterk, Vincent, 2016. "The dark corners of the labor market," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 86244, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Ma, Qingyin & Stachurski, John, 2019. "Optimal timing of decisions: A general theory based on continuation values," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 62-81.
- Osnat Zohar, 2019. "Boom-Bust Cycles of Learning, Investment and Disagreement," Bank of Israel Working Papers 2019.06, Bank of Israel.
- Edouard Schaal & Mathieu Taschereau-Dumouchel, 2020. "Herding cycles," Economics Working Papers 1714, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised May 2023.
- Pablo D. Fajgelbaum & Edouard Schaal & Mathieu Taschereau-Dumouchel, 2017.
"Uncertainty Traps,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 132(4), pages 1641-1692.
- Mathieu Taschereau-Dumouchel & Edouard Schaal & Pablo Fajgelbaum, 2013. "Uncertainty Traps," 2013 Meeting Papers 677, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Pablo Fajgelbaum & Edouard Schaal & Mathieu Taschereau-Dumouchel, 2014. "Uncertainty Traps," NBER Working Papers 19973, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Funashima, Yoshito, 2020. "Monetary policy, financial uncertainty, and secular stagnation," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
- Venky Venkateswaran & Laura Veldkamp & Julian Kozlowski, 2015.
"The Tail that Wags the Economy: Belief-Driven Business Cycles and Persistent Stagnation,"
2015 Meeting Papers
800, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2015. "The Tail that Wags the Economy: Belief-Driven Business Cycles and Persistent Stagnation," Working Papers 15-10, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
- Venky Venkateswaran & Laura Veldkamp & Julian Kozlowski, 2016. "The Tail that Wags the Economy: Belief-Driven Business Cycles and Persistent Stagnation," 2016 Meeting Papers 245, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Boyan Jovanovic & Sai Ma, 2022.
"Uncertainty and Growth Disasters,"
Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 44, pages 33-64, April.
- Boyan Jovanovic & Sai Ma, 2020. "Uncertainty and Growth Disasters," International Finance Discussion Papers 1279, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Boyan Jovanovic & Sai Ma, 2020. "Uncertainty and Growth Disasters," NBER Working Papers 28024, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Straub, Ludwig & Ulbricht, Robert, 2019.
"Endogenous second moments: A unified approach to fluctuations in risk, dispersion, and uncertainty,"
Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 625-660.
- Straub, Ludwig & Ulbricht, Robert, 2016. "Endogenous Second Moments: A Unified Approach to Fluctuations in Risk, Dispersion, and Uncertainty," TSE Working Papers 16-664, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), revised Mar 2018.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2019.
"The Tail That Keeps the Riskless Rate Low,"
NBER Macroeconomics Annual, University of Chicago Press, vol. 33(1), pages 253-283.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2018. "The Tail That Keeps the Riskless Rate Low," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2018, volume 33, pages 253-283, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2018. "The Tail that Keeps the Riskless Rate Low," 2018 Meeting Papers 1111, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2018. "The Tail that Keeps the Riskless Rate Low," NBER Working Papers 24362, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2018. "The Tail that Keeps the Riskless Rate Low," Working Papers 18-01, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
- Kozeniauskas, Nicholas & Orlik, Anna & Veldkamp, Laura, 2018. "What are uncertainty shocks?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 1-15.
- Hikaru Saijo & Cosmin Ilut, 2015.
"Learning, Confidence, and Business Cycles,"
2015 Meeting Papers
917, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Cosmin L. Ilut & Hikaru Saijo, 2016. "Learning, Confidence, and Business Cycles," NBER Working Papers 22958, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Hikaru Saijo & Cosmin Ilut, 2016. "Learning, Confidence and Business Cycle," 2016 Meeting Papers 664, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Ye Li & Simon Mayer & Simon Mayer, 2021. "Money Creation in Decentralized Finance: A Dynamic Model of Stablecoin and Crypto Shadow Banking," CESifo Working Paper Series 9260, CESifo.
- Pablo Kurlat, 2018.
"Liquidity as Social Expertise,"
Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 73(2), pages 619-656, April.
- Pablo Kurlat, 2014. "Liquidity as Social Expertise," 2014 Meeting Papers 520, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Pablo Kurlat, 2015. "Liquidity as Social Expertise," NBER Working Papers 21118, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2020.
"Scarring Body and Mind: The Long-Term Belief-Scarring Effects of COVID-19,"
NBER Working Papers
27439, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Julian Kozlowski & Laura Veldkamp & Venky Venkateswaran, 2020. "Scarring Body and Mind: The Long-Term Belief-Scarring Effects of COVID-19," Working Papers 2020-009, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
- Veldkamp, Laura & Orlik, Anna, 2014.
"Understanding Uncertainty Shocks and the Role of Black Swans,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
10147, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Anna Orlik & Laura Veldkamp, 2014. "Understanding Uncertainty Shocks and the Role of Black Swans," NBER Working Papers 20445, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Francesco Bianchi & Howard Kung & Mikhail Tirskikh, 2023.
"The origins and effects of macroeconomic uncertainty,"
Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 14(3), pages 855-896, July.
- Francesco Bianchi & Howard Kung & Mikhail Tirskikh, 2018. "The Origins and Effects of Macroeconomic Uncertainty," NBER Working Papers 25386, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Francesco Bianchi & Howard Kung & Mikhail Tirskikh, 2019. "The Origins and Effects of Macroeconomic Uncertainty," 2019 Meeting Papers 245, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Bianchi, Francesco & Kung, Howard & Tirskikh, Mikhail, 2019. "The Origins and Effects of Macroeconomic Uncertainty," CEPR Discussion Papers 13450, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Vincent Sterk, 2016. "The Dark Corners of the Labor Market," Discussion Papers 1603, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM).
- Strobel, Johannes & Lee, Gabriel & Dorofeenko, Victor & Salyer, Kevin, 2019. "Time-Varying Risk Shocks and the Zero Lower Bound," VfS Annual Conference 2019 (Leipzig): 30 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall - Democracy and Market Economy 203491, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
- Mikkelsen, Jakob & Poeschl, Johannes, 2019. "Banking Panic Risk and Macroeconomic Uncertainty," MPRA Paper 94729, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Sangyup Choi & Jeeyeon Phi, 2022.
"Impact of Uncertainty Shocks on Income and Wealth Inequality,"
Working papers
2022rwp-196, Yonsei University, Yonsei Economics Research Institute.
- Sangyup Choi & Jeeyeon Phi, 2023. "Impact of Uncertainty Shocks on Income and Wealth Inequality," CAMA Working Papers 2023-33, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
- repec:zbw:bofrdp:037 is not listed on IDEAS
- Michael Plante & Alexander W. Richter & Nathaniel A. Throckmorton, 2018.
"The Zero Lower Bound and Endogenous Uncertainty,"
Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 128(611), pages 1730-1757, June.
- Michael D. Plante & Alexander W. Richter & Nathaniel A. Throckmorton, 2014. "The zero lower bound and endogenous uncertainty," Working Papers 1405, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
- Laurent Ferrara & Stéphane Lhuissier & Fabien Tripier, 2018.
"Uncertainty Fluctuations: Measures, Effects and Macroeconomic Policy Challenges,"
Financial and Monetary Policy Studies, in: Laurent Ferrara & Ignacio Hernando & Daniela Marconi (ed.), International Macroeconomics in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis, pages 159-181,
Springer.
- Laurent Ferrara & Stéphane Lhuissier & Fabien Tripier, 2017. "Uncertainty Fluctuations: Measures, Effects and Macroeconomic Policy Challenges," CEPII Policy Brief 2017-20, CEPII research center.
- Alexopoulos, Michelle & Cohen, Jon, 2015. "The power of print: Uncertainty shocks, markets, and the economy," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 8-28.
- Alexander W. Richter & Nathaniel A. Throckmorton, 2017.
"A New Way to Quantify the Effect of Uncertainty,"
Working Papers
1705, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
- Alexander Richter & Nathaniel Throckmorton, 2018. "A New Way to Quantify the Effect of Uncertainty," 2018 Meeting Papers 565, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Kıvanç Karaman, K. & Yıldırım-Karaman, Seçil, 2019. "How does financial development alter the impact of uncertainty?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 33-42.
- Sangyup Choi & Jiri Havel, 2023. "Geopolitical Risk and Foreign Portfolio Investment: A Tale of Advanced and Emerging Markets," Working papers 2023rwp-221, Yonsei University, Yonsei Economics Research Institute.
- Hikaru Saijo, 2014. "The Uncertainty Multiplier and Business Cycles," Working Papers e067, Tokyo Center for Economic Research.
- Cerqua, Augusto & Pellegrini, Guido, 2018. "Local policy effects at a time of economic crisis," MPRA Paper 85621, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Backus, David & Ferriere, Axelle & Zin, Stanley, 2015.
"Risk and ambiguity in models of business cycles,"
Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 42-63.
- David Backus & Axelle Ferriere & Stanley Zin, 2014. "Risk and Ambiguity in Models of Business Cycles," NBER Working Papers 20319, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Shoag, Daniel & Veuger, Stan, 2016.
"Uncertainty and the geography of the great recession,"
Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 84-93.
- Stan Veuger & Daniel Shoag, 2013. "Uncertainty and the geography of the Great Recession," AEI Economics Working Papers 694, American Enterprise Institute.
- Shoag, Daniel & Veuger, Stan, 2015. "Uncertainty and the Geography of the Great Recession," Working Paper Series rwp15-014, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
- Vladimir Asriyan & Luc Laeven & Alberto Martín, 2022.
"Collateral Booms and Information Depletion,"
The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(2), pages 517-555.
- Vladimir Asriyan & Luc Laeven & Alberto Martín, 2018. "Collateral Booms and Information Depletion," Working Papers 1064, Barcelona School of Economics.
- Vladimir Asriyan, 2019. "Collateral booms and information depletion," 2019 Meeting Papers 147, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- MartÃn, Alberto & Asriyan, Vladimir & Laeven, Luc, 2018. "Collateral Booms and Information Depletion," CEPR Discussion Papers 13340, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Asriyan, Vladimir & Laeven, Luc & Martin, Alberto, 2019. "Collateral booms and information depletion," Working Paper Series 2266, European Central Bank.
- Vladimir Asriyan & Luc Laeven & Alberto Martin, 2020. "Collateral booms and information depletion," Economics Working Papers 1622, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Jan 2019.
- Kyriakos T. Chousakos & Gary B. Gorton & Guillermo Ordoñez, 2020. "The Macroprudential Role of Stock Markets," NBER Working Papers 27113, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Ana Figueiredo, 2018. "Information Frictions in Education and Inequality," 2018 Meeting Papers 804, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- repec:wrk:wrkemf:12 is not listed on IDEAS
- Sydney C. Ludvigson & Sai Ma & Serena Ng, 2021.
"Uncertainty and Business Cycles: Exogenous Impulse or Endogenous Response?,"
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 13(4), pages 369-410, October.
- Sydney C. Ludvigson & Sai Ma & Serena Ng, 2015. "Uncertainty and Business Cycles: Exogenous Impulse or Endogenous Response?," NBER Working Papers 21803, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Gene Ambrocio, 2020.
"Rational exuberance booms,"
Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 35, pages 263-282, January.
- Gene Ambrocio, 2019. "Code and data files for "Rational exuberance booms"," Computer Codes 18-163, Review of Economic Dynamics.
- Youngju Kim & Hyunjoon Lim, 2018. "Which External Shock Matters in Small Open Economies? US Economic Policy Uncertainty vs. Global Risk Aversion," Working Papers 2018-29, Economic Research Institute, Bank of Korea.