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Money Creation in Decentralized Finance: A Dynamic Model of Stablecoin and Crypto Shadow Banking

Author

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  • Ye Li
  • Simon Mayer
  • Simon Mayer

Abstract

Stablecoins rise to meet the demand for safe assets in decentralized finance. Stablecoin issuers transform risky reserve assets into tokens of stable values, deploying a variety of tactics. To address the questions on the viability of stablecoins, regulations, and the initiatives led by large platforms, we develop a dynamic model of optimal stablecoin management and characterize an instability trap. The system is bimodal: stability can last for a long time, but once stablecoins break the buck following negative shocks, volatility persists. Debasement triggers a vicious cycle but is unavoidable as it allows efficient risk sharing between the issuer and stablecoin users.

Suggested Citation

  • Ye Li & Simon Mayer & Simon Mayer, 2021. "Money Creation in Decentralized Finance: A Dynamic Model of Stablecoin and Crypto Shadow Banking," CESifo Working Paper Series 9260, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9260
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    Cited by:

    1. Maarten van Oordt, 2022. "The Emerging Autonomy–Stability Choice for Stablecoins," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 22-015/IV, Tinbergen Institute.
    2. Kanis Saengchote, 2022. "Decentralized lending and its users: Insights from Compound," Papers 2212.05734, arXiv.org.
    3. Kanis Saengchote & Talis Putnic{n}v{s} & Krislert Samphantharak, 2022. "Does DeFi remove the need for trust? Evidence from a natural experiment in stablecoin lending," Papers 2207.06285, arXiv.org.
    4. Allen, Franklin & Gu, Xian & Jagtiani, Julapa, 2022. "Fintech, Cryptocurrencies, and CBDC: Financial Structural Transformation in China," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    5. van Buggenum, Hugo & Gersbach, Hans & Zelzner, Sebastian, 2023. "Contagious Stablecoins," VfS Annual Conference 2023 (Regensburg): Growth and the "sociale Frage" 277658, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    6. Jonathan Chiu & Charles M. Kahn & Thorsten V. Koeppl, 2022. "Grasping decentralized finance through the lens of economic theory," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(4), pages 1702-1728, November.
    7. Cong, Lin William & Mayer, Simon, 2022. "The Coming Battle of Digital Currencies," Applied Economics and Policy Working Paper Series 320020, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
    8. Jean Barthélémy & Paul Gardin & Benoit Nguyen, 2023. "Stablecoins and the Financing of the Real Economy," Working papers 908, Banque de France.
    9. Saengchote, Kanis & Putniņš, Talis & Samphantharak, Krislert, 2023. "Does DeFi remove the need for trust? Evidence from a natural experiment in stablecoin lending," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    10. Lyons, Richard K. & Viswanath-Natraj, Ganesh, 2023. "What keeps stablecoins stable?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    11. Itay Goldstein & Deeksha Gupta & Ruslan Sverchkov, 2024. "Utility Tokens as a Commitment to Competition," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(6), pages 4197-4246, December.
    12. Shen, Zhuyi & Wang, Shibo & Yang, Jinqiang, 2023. "Robust adoption and valuation in tokenomics," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    13. Jonathan Chiu & Emre Ozdenoren & Kathy Yuan & Shengxing Zhang, 2023. "On the Fragility of DeFi Lending," Staff Working Papers 23-14, Bank of Canada.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    stablecoin; instability; regulation; debasement; big data; payment; collateral; shadow banking;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G35 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Payout Policy
    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation
    • L86 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software

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