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Quantitative Goals for Monetary Policy
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Cited by:
- Antonia Lopez Villavicencio & Valérie Mignon, 2016.
"Exchange rate pass-through in emerging countries: Do the inflation environment, monetary policy regime and institutional quality matter?,"
Post-Print
hal-01411695, HAL.
- Antonia Lopez-Villavicencio & Valérie Mignon, 2016. "Exchange Rate Pass-through in Emerging Countries: Do the Inflation Environment, Monetary Policy Regime and Institutional Quality Matter?," Working Papers 2016-07, CEPII research center.
- Antonia Lopez Villavicencio & Valérie Mignon, 2016. "Exchange rate pass-through in emerging countries: Do the inflation environment, monetary policy regime and institutional quality matter?," Working Papers hal-04141592, HAL.
- Antonia Lopez Villavicencio & Valérie Mignon, 2016. "Exchange rate pass-through in emerging countries: Do the inflation environment, monetary policy regime and institutional quality matter?," Post-Print hal-01439198, HAL.
- Antonia Lopez-Villavicencio & Valérie Mignon, 2016. "Exchange rate pass-through in emerging countries: Do the inflation environment, monetary policy regime and institutional quality matter?," EconomiX Working Papers 2016-18, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
- Alan S. Blinder & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Jakob De Haan & David-Jan Jansen, 2008.
"Central Bank Communication and Monetary Policy: A Survey of Theory and Evidence,"
Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 46(4), pages 910-945, December.
- Blinder, Alan S. & Ehrmann, Michael & Fratzscher, Marcel & de Haan, Jakob & Jansen, David-Jan, 2008. "Central Bank communication and monetary policy: a survey of theory and evidence," Working Paper Series 898, European Central Bank.
- Alan S. Blinder & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Jakob de Haan & David-Jan Jansen, 2008. "Central Bank Communication and Monetary Policy: A Survey of Theory and Evidence," DNB Working Papers 170, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
- Alan S. Blinder & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Jakob De Haan & David-Jan Jansen, 2008. "Central Bank Communication and Monetary Policy: A Survey of Theory and Evidence," Working Papers 1038, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
- Alan S. Blinder & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Jakob De Haan & David-Jan Jansen, 2008. "Central Bank Communication and Monetary Policy: A Survey of Theory and Evidence," NBER Working Papers 13932, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Alan S. Blinder & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Jakob De Haan & David-Jan Jansen, 2008. "Central Bank Communication and Monetary Policy: A Survey of Theory and Evidence," Working Papers 2008-2, Princeton University. Economics Department..
- López-Villavicencio, Antonia & Pourroy, Marc, 2019.
"Does inflation targeting always matter for the ERPT? A robust approach,"
Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 360-377.
- Antonia Lopez Villavicencio & Marc Pourroy, 2019. "Does Inflation Targeting Always Matter for the ERPT? A robust approach," Post-Print hal-02082568, HAL.
- Pierre L. Siklos & Yang Zhang, 2010.
"Identifying The Shocks Driving Inflation In China,"
Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(2), pages 204-223, May.
- Pierre L. Siklos & Yang Zhang, 2007. "Identifying the Shocks Driving Inflation in China," Working Paper series 34_07, Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis.
- Mr. Helge Berger & Mr. Thomas Harjes & Mr. Emil Stavrev, 2008. "The ECB’s Monetary Analysis Revisited," IMF Working Papers 2008/171, International Monetary Fund.
- Demertzis Maria & Viegi Nicola, 2009.
"Inflation Targeting: A Framework for Communication,"
The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 1-32, December.
- Maria Demertzis & Nicola Viegi, 2007. "Inflation Targeting: a Framework for Communication," Working Papers 071, Economic Research Southern Africa.
- Demertzis Maria & Marcellino Massimiliano & Viegi Nicola, 2012. "A Credibility Proxy: Tracking US Monetary Developments," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 12(1), pages 1-36, June.
- Feroli, Michael & Greenlaw, David & Hooper, Peter & Mishkin, Frederic S. & Sufi, Amir, 2017. "Language after liftoff: Fed communication away from the zero lower bound," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 452-490.
- WenShwo Fang & Stephen M. Miller & ChunShen Lee, 2009.
"Short- and Long-Run Differences in the Treatment Effects of Inflation Targeting on Developed and Developing Countries,"
Working papers
2009-14, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics, revised Jul 2010.
- WenShwo Fang & Stephen M. Miller & ChunShen Lee, 2010. "Short- and Long-Run Differences in the Treatment Effects of Inflation Targeting on Developed and Developing Countries," Working Papers 1003, University of Nevada, Las Vegas , Department of Economics, revised Aug 2010.
- Helge Berger & Volker Nitsch, 2011.
"Too Many Cooks? Committees in Monetary Policy,"
Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 78(2), pages 452-475, October.
- Berger, Helge & Nitsch, Volker, 2008. "Too many cooks? Committees in monetary policy," Discussion Papers 2008/8, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
- Helge Berger & Volker Nitsch, 2008. "Too Many Cooks? Committees in Monetary Policy," KOF Working papers 08-195, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich.
- Helge Berger & Volker Nitsch, 2008. "Too many Cooks? Committees in Monetary Policy," CESifo Working Paper Series 2274, CESifo.
- Nitsch, Volker & Berger, Helge, 2011. "Too Many Cooks? Committees in Monetary Policy," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 55742, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
- Maria Demertzis & Nicola Viegi, 2008.
"Inflation Targets as Focal Points,"
International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 4(1), pages 55-87, March.
- Maria Demertzis & Nicola Viegi, 2005. "Inflation Targets as Focal Points," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2005 52, Money Macro and Finance Research Group.
- Maria Demertzis & Nicola Viegi, 2005. "Inflation Targets as Focal Points," Working Papers 002, Economic Research Southern Africa.
- Carlos Medel, 2018.
"An econometric analysis on survey-data-based anchoring of inflation expectations in Chile,"
Notas de Investigación Journal Economía Chilena (The Chilean Economy), Central Bank of Chile, vol. 21(2), pages 128-152, August.
- Carlos Medel, 2018. "Econometric Analysis on Survey-data-based Anchoring of Inflation Expectations in Chile," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 825, Central Bank of Chile.
- Wong, Kin Ming & Chong, Terence Tai Leung, 2014. "A Tale of Two Regimes: Classifying and Revisiting the Monetary Policy Regimes," MPRA Paper 75922, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Bao-We-Wal Bambe & Jeans-Louis Combes & Kabinet Kaba & Alexandru Minea, 2022.
"Inflation Targeting and Developing countries' Performance: Evidence from Firm-Level Data,"
Working Papers
hal-04638825, HAL.
- Bao-We-Wal BAMBE & Jean Louis COMBES & Kabinet KABA & Alexandru MINEA, 2022. "Inflation Targeting and Developing countries’ Performance: Evidence from Firm-Level Data," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2941, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
- Christoph S. Weber, 2018.
"Central bank transparency and inflation (volatility) – new evidence,"
International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 21-67, January.
- Christoph S. Weber, 2016. "Central Bank Transparency and Inflation (Volatility) – New Evidence," Working Papers 163, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
- Florence Barugahara, 2015. "The Impact of Political Instability on Inflation Volatility in Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 83(1), pages 56-73, March.
- Hanna Samaryna & Jakob de Haan, 2011. "Right on Target: Exploring the Determinants of Inflation Targeting Adoption," DNB Working Papers 321, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
- WenShwo Fang & Stephen Miller & Chih-Chuan Yeh, 2010.
"Does a threshold inflation rate exist? Quantile inferences for inflation and its variability,"
Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 39(3), pages 619-641, December.
- WenShwo Fang & Stephen M. Miller & Chih-Chuan Yeh, 2007. "Does a Threshold Inflation Rate Exist? Quantile Inferences for Inflation and Its Variability," Working papers 2007-45, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics, revised Jun 2009.
- WenShwo Fang & Stephen M. Miller & Chih-Chuan Yeh, 2009. "Does a Threshold Inflation Rate Exist? Quantile Inferences for Inflation and Its Variability," Working Papers 0921, University of Nevada, Las Vegas , Department of Economics, revised Dec 2009.
- Vladimir Sokolov & Byung‐Joo Lee & Nelson C. Mark, 2011. "Linkages Between Exchange Rate Policy And Macroeconomic Performance," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(4), pages 395-420, October.
- Vitale, Paolo, 2006.
"A Market Microstructure Analysis of Foreign Exchange Intervention,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
5468, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Vitale, Paolo, 2006. "A market microstructure analysis of foreign exchange intervention," Working Paper Series 629, European Central Bank.
- César Calderón & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, 2008. "What drives the Choice of Money-based Targets in the World?," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 479, Central Bank of Chile.
- Maria Demertzis & Nicola Viegi, 2008.
"Inflation Targets as Focal Points,"
International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 4(1), pages 55-87, March.
- Maria Demertzis & Nicola Viegi, 2004. "Inflation Targets as Focal Points," DNB Working Papers 017, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
- Maria Demertzis & Nicola Viegi, 2005. "Inflation Targets as Focal Points," Working Papers 02, Economic Research Southern Africa.
- Maria Demertzis & Nicola Viegi, 2005. "Inflation Targets as Focal Points," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2005 52, Money Macro and Finance Research Group.
- Eijffinger, Sylvester & van der Cruijsen, Carin, 2007.
"The Economic Impact of Central Bank Transparency: A Survey,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
6070, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- van der Cruijsen, C.A.B. & Eijffinger, S.C.W., 2007. "The Economic Impact of Central Bank Transparency : A Survey," Discussion Paper 2007-06, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
- van der Cruijsen, C.A.B. & Eijffinger, S.C.W., 2007. "The Economic Impact of Central Bank Transparency : A Survey," Other publications TiSEM c0ec8638-a29c-48e3-be11-8, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
- Harald Badinger & Volker Nitsch, 2019.
"What Do Central Bankers Do? Evidence from the European Central Banks' Executive Board,"
CESifo Working Paper Series
7467, CESifo.
- Harald Badinger & Volker Nitsch, 2019. "What Do Central Bankers Do? Evidence from the European Central Bank's Executive Board," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp277, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
- Badinger, Harald & Nitsch, Volker, 2019. "What Do Central Bankers Do? Evidence from the European Central Bank's Executive Board," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 277, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
- López-Villavicencio, Antonia & Mignon, Valérie, 2017.
"Exchange rate pass-through in emerging countries: Do the inflation environment, monetary policy regime and central bank behavior matter?,"
Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 20-38.
- Valérie Mignon & Antonia Lopez Villavicencio, 2017. "Exchange rate pass-through in emerging countries: Do the inflation environment, monetary policy regime and central bank behavior matter?," Post-Print hal-01589202, HAL.
- Maria Demertzis & Massimiliano Marcellino & Nicola Viegi, 2009. "Anchors for Inflation Expectations," DNB Working Papers 229, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
- Papadamou, Stephanos & Sidiropoulos, Moïse & Spyromitros, Eleftherios, 2015.
"Central bank transparency and the interest rate channel: Evidence from emerging economies,"
Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 167-174.
- Stephanos Papadamou & Moïse Sidiropoulos & Eleftherios Spyromitros, 2015. "Central bank transparency and the interest rate channel : Evidence from emerging economies," Post-Print hal-03692248, HAL.
- Bao We Wal Bambe & Jean-Louis Combes & Kabinet Kaba & Alexandru Minea, 2024. "Inflation targeting and firm performance in developing countries," Post-Print hal-04734823, HAL.
- Christoph S. Weber, 2020.
"The unemployment effect of central bank transparency,"
Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(6), pages 2947-2975, December.
- Christoph S. Weber, 2017. "The Unemployment Effect of Central Bank Transparency," Working Papers 172, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
- WenShwo Fang & Stephen M. Miller & ChunShen Lee, 2009. "Inflation Targeting Evaluation: Short-run Costs and Long-run Irrelevance," Working Papers 0920, University of Nevada, Las Vegas , Department of Economics.
- Guisinger, Alexandra & Singer, David Andrew, 2010. "Exchange Rate Proclamations and Inflation-Fighting Credibility," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 64(2), pages 313-337, April.
- Miles, William, 2008. "Inflation targeting and monetary policy in Canada: What is the impact on inflation uncertainty?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 235-248, August.
- Antonia Lopez Villavicencio & Marc Pourroy, 2019. "Does Inflation Targeting Always Matter for the ERPT? A robust approach," Working Papers hal-02082568, HAL.
- Antonia López-Villavicencio & Marc Pourroy, 2017.
"IT Countries: A Breed Apart? the case of Exchange Rate Pass-Through,"
Working Papers
1728, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Étienne (GATE Lyon St-Étienne), Université de Lyon.
- Antonia López-Villavicencio & Marc Pourroy, 2017. "IT Countries: A Breed Apart? the case of Exchange Rate Pass-Through," Working Papers halshs-01614817, HAL.
- Berger, Helge & Harjes, Thomas & Stavrev, Emil, 2008. "The ECB's monetary analysis revisited," Discussion Papers 2008/14, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
- van der Cruijsen, C.A.B., 2008. "The economic impact of central bank transparency," Other publications TiSEM 86c1ba91-1952-45b4-adac-8, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
- Sánchez, Marcelo, 2011. "Robust central banking under wage bargaining: Is monetary policy transparency beneficial?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(1-2), pages 432-438, January.
- Demertzis, Maria & Marcellino, Massimiliano & Viegi, Nicola, 2008.
"A Measure for Credibility: Tracking US Monetary Developments,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
7036, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Maria Demertzis & Massimiliano Marcellino & Nicola Viegi, 2008. "A Measure for Credibility: Tracking US Monetary Developments," DNB Working Papers 187, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
- Maria Demertzis & Massimiliano Marcellino & Nicola Viegi, 2008. "A Measure for Credibility: Tracking US Monetary Developments," Economics Working Papers ECO2008/38, European University Institute.
- Christopher Bowdler & Adeel Malik, 2005. "Openness and inflaton volatility: Cross-country evidence," Economics Series Working Papers 2005-W14, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
- Maria Demertzis & Marco Hoeberichts, 2007.
"The Costs of Increasing Transparency,"
Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 263-280, July.
- Maria Demertzis & Marco Hoeberichts, 2006. "The Costs of Increasing Transparency," DNB Working Papers 080, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
- Aaron Jackson & William Miles, 2009. "Quantitative goals for monetary policy: a quantile regression approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(16), pages 2065-2071.
- Boris Cournède & Diego Moccero, 2009. "Is there a Case for Price-level Targeting?," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 721, OECD Publishing.
- Lin, Hsin-Yi, 2016. "Do quantitative monetary targets matter?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 415-428.
- Jan Libich, 2006. "Inflexibility Of Inflation Targeting Revisited: Modeling The "Anchoring" Effect," CAMA Working Papers 2006-02, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
- Jorge Lorca, 2005. "Quantifying the Causal Effect of Inflation Targets," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 337, Central Bank of Chile.
- Sánchez, Marcelo, 2011. "Robust central banking under wage bargaining: Is monetary policy transparency beneficial?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 432-438.
- William Miles, 2007. "Do inflation targeting handcuffs restrain leviathan? Hard pegs vs. inflation targets for fiscal discipline in emerging markets," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(9), pages 647-651.
- repec:pri:cepsud:161blinder is not listed on IDEAS
- Serkan ÇİÇEK & Cüneyt AKAR & Eray YÜCEL, 2011. "Türkiye’de enflasyon beklentilerinin çapalanması ve güvenilirlik," Iktisat Isletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayincilik, vol. 26(304), pages 37-55.
- Libich Jan, 2011. "Inflation Nutters? Modelling the Flexibility of Inflation Targeting," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 11(1), pages 1-36, June.
- repec:rim:rimwps:34-07 is not listed on IDEAS
- Ngomba Bodi, Francis Ghislain & Tadadjeu Wemba, Dessy-Karl & Soulemanou, Soulemanou, 2020. "Transparence des Banques Centrales et efficacité de la politique monétaire : quelles implications pour la Banque des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale ? [Central Bank's Transparency and effectiveness of ," MPRA Paper 116436, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Frederic S. Mishkin, 2007.
"Will Monetary Policy Become More of a Science?,"
NBER Working Papers
13566, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Frederic S. Mishkin, 2007. "Will monetary policy become more of a science?," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2007-44, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Miles, William & Vijverberg, Chu-Ping, 2011. "Formal targets, central bank independence and inflation dynamics in the UK: A Markov-Switching approach," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 644-655.
- International Monetary Fund, 2005. "Three Attempts at Inflation Forecasting in Pakistan," IMF Working Papers 2005/105, International Monetary Fund.
- De Schryder, Selien & Peersman, Gert & Wauters, Joris, 2020.
"Wage indexation and the monetary policy regime,"
Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
- Selien De Schryder & Gert Peersman & Joris Wauters, 2014. "Wage Indexation And The Monetary Policy Regime," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 14/892, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
- Selien De Schryder & Gert Peersman & Joris Wauters, 2014. "Wage Indexation and the Monetary Policy Regime," CESifo Working Paper Series 5107, CESifo.
- Neuenkirch, Matthias, 2013.
"Central bank transparency and financial market expectations: The case of emerging markets,"
Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 598-609.
- Matthias Neuenkirch, 2011. "Central Bank Transparency and Financial Market Expectations: The Case of Emerging Markets," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201136, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
- Christopher Bowdler & Adeel Malik, 2005.
"Openness and inflation volatility: Cross-country evidence,"
Economics Papers
2005-W14, Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
- Christopher Bowdler & Adeel Malik, 2005. "Openness and inflation volatility: cross-country evidence," CSAE Working Paper Series 2005-08, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
- Frederic S. Mishkin, 2011. "Monetary Policy Strategy: Lessons from the Crisis," NBER Working Papers 16755, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Rose, Andrew K. & Mihov, Ilian, 2008.
"Is Old Money Better than New? Duration and Monetary Regimes,"
Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 2, pages 1-24.
- Rose, Andrew K. & Mihov, Ilian, 2007. "Is Old Money Better than New? Duration and Monetary Regimes," Economics Discussion Papers 2007-25, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
- Rose, Andrew & Mihov, Ilian, 2007. "Is Old Money Better than New? Duration and Monetary Regimes," CEPR Discussion Papers 6529, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Alan S. Blinder & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Jakob De Haan & David-Jan Jansen, 2008.
"Central Bank Communication and Monetary Policy: A Survey of Theory and Evidence,"
Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 46(4), pages 910-945, December.
- Alan S. Blinder & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Jakob de Haan & David-Jan Jansen, 2008. "Central Bank Communication and Monetary Policy: A Survey of Theory and Evidence," DNB Working Papers 170, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
- Alan S. Blinder & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Jakob De Haan & David-Jan Jansen, 2008. "Central Bank Communication and Monetary Policy: A Survey of Theory and Evidence," Working Papers 1038, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
- Alan S. Blinder & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Jakob De Haan & David-Jan Jansen, 2008. "Central Bank Communication and Monetary Policy: A Survey of Theory and Evidence," NBER Working Papers 13932, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Blinder, Alan S. & Ehrmann, Michael & Fratzscher, Marcel & de Haan, Jakob & Jansen, David-Jan, 2008. "Central Bank communication and monetary policy: a survey of theory and evidence," Working Paper Series 898, European Central Bank.
- Anna Samarina & Jakob De Haan, 2014. "Right On Target: Exploring The Factors Leading To Inflation Targeting Adoption," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 32(2), pages 372-389, April.
- Thanaset Chevapatrakul & Juan Paez-Farrell, 2018. "How effective is inflation targeting in emerging market economies?," Working Papers 2018005, The University of Sheffield, Department of Economics.
- Carl Walsh, 2007. "Inflation Targeting and the Role of Real Objectives," Research and Policy Notes 2007/02, Czech National Bank.
- Stephen M. Miller & WenShwo Fang & Ozkan Eren, 2012. "Inflation Targeting: Does It Improve Economic Performance?," Working Papers 1207, University of Nevada, Las Vegas , Department of Economics.