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Tariffs and aggregate economic activity: Lessons from the Great Depression
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Cited by:
- Yoshiyasu Ono, 2010. "Trade Policy, Exchange Rate Adjustment and Unemployment," Chapters, in: Noel Gaston & Ahmed M. Khalid (ed.), Globalization and Economic Integration, chapter 7, Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Sposi, Michael, 2019.
"Evolving comparative advantage, sectoral linkages, and structural change,"
Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 75-87.
- Michael Sposi, 2015. "Evolving comparative advantage, sectoral linkages, and structural change," Globalization Institute Working Papers 231, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
- Toshihiro Okubo, 2006. "Trade Bloc Formation in Interwar Japan --Gravity Model Analysis-- (forthcoming in Journal of the Japanese and International Economies)," IHEID Working Papers 03-2006, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
- George Alessandria & Carter Mix, 2021.
"Trade Policy is Real News: Theory and Evidence,"
International Finance Discussion Papers
1330, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- George A. Alessandria & Carter B. Mix, 2021. "Trade Policy is Real News: Theory and Evidence," NBER Working Papers 28904, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Nida Çakir Melek & Michael Plante & Mine K. Yücel, 2017.
"The U.S. Shale Oil Boom, the Oil Export Ban, and the Economy: A General Equilibrium Analysis,"
NBER Working Papers
23818, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Nida Çakır Melek & Michael D. Plante & Mine K. Yücel, 2017. "The U.S. Shale Oil Boom, the Oil Export Ban, and the Economy: A General Equilibrium Analysis," Working Papers 1708, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
- Nida Cakir Melek, 2018. "The US Shale Oil Boom, the Oil Export Ban and the Economy: A General Equilibrium Analysis," 2018 Meeting Papers 26, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Luca Pensieroso, 2007.
"Real Business Cycle Models Of The Great Depression: A Critical Survey,"
Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(1), pages 110-142, February.
- Luca, PENSIEROSO, 2005. "Real Business Cycle Models of the Great Depression : a Critical Survey," Discussion Papers (ECON - Département des Sciences Economiques) 2005005, Université catholique de Louvain, Département des Sciences Economiques.
- V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2007.
"Business Cycle Accounting,"
Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 75(3), pages 781-836, May.
- V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2002. "Business cycle accounting," Working Papers 625, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
- V. V. Chari & Patrick Kehoe & Ellen McGrattan, 2004. "Business Cycle Accounting," Levine's Bibliography 122247000000000560, UCLA Department of Economics.
- V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2006. "Business cycle accounting," Staff Report 328, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
- V V Chari & Patrick J Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2003. "Business Cycle Accounting," Levine's Bibliography 506439000000000421, UCLA Department of Economics.
- V.V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen McGrattan, 2004. "Business Cycle Accounting," NBER Working Papers 10351, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Nida Çakır Melek & Michael D. Plante & Mine K. Yücel, 2017. "The U.S. Shale Oil Boom, the Oil Export Ban, and the Economy: A General Equilibrium Analysis Nida," Research Working Paper RWP 17-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
- Fabrizio Perri & Vincenzo Quadrini, 2002.
"The Great Depression in Italy: Trade Restrictions and Real Wage Rigidities,"
Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 5(1), pages 128-151, January.
- Fabrizio Perri & Vincenzo Quadrini, 2002. "Data Appendix to The Great Depression in Italy: Trade Restrictions and Real Wage Rigidities," Online Appendices perri02, Review of Economic Dynamics.
- Christopher J. Erceg & Michael D. Bordo & Charles L. Evans, 2000.
"Money, Sticky Wages, and the Great Depression,"
American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(5), pages 1447-1463, December.
- Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles L. Evans, 1997. "Money, Sticky Wages, and the Great Depression," NBER Working Papers 6071, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles L. Evans, 1997. "Money, sticky wages, and the Great Depression," International Finance Discussion Papers 591, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles L. Evans, 1997. "Money, sticky wages, and the Great Depression," Working Paper Series, Macroeconomic Issues WP-97-02, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
- Crucini, Mario J. & Kahn, James, 1996.
"Tariffs and aggregate economic activity: Lessons from the Great Depression,"
Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 427-467, December.
- Crucini, M.J. & Kahn, J., 1994. "Tarrifs and Aggregate Economic Activity: Lessons from the Great Depression," RCER Working Papers 383, University of Rochester - Center for Economic Research (RCER).
- Klein, Paul & Ventura, Gustavo, 2021. "Taxation, expenditures and the Irish miracle," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 1062-1077.
- Kei-Mu Yi, 2003.
"Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of World Trade?,"
Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 111(1), pages 52-102, February.
- Kei-Mu Yi, 2000. "Can vertical specialization explain the growth of world trade?," Staff Reports 96, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
- Antoine Berthou & Caroline Jardet & Daniele Siena & Urszula Szczerbowicz, 2018. "Costs and consequences of a trade war: a structural analysis," Rue de la Banque, Banque de France, issue 72, december.
- Douglas A. Irwin, 1998.
"The Smoot-Hawley Tariff: A Quantitative Assessment,"
The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 80(2), pages 326-334, May.
- Douglas A. Irwin, 1996. "The Smoot-Hawley Tariff: A Quantitative Assessment," NBER Working Papers 5509, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Paul R. Bergin & Giancarlo Corsetti, 2020.
"The Macroeconomic Stabilization of Tariff Shocks: What is the Optimal Monetary Response?,"
Discussion Papers
2017, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM).
- Bergin, P. R. & Corsetti, G., 2020. "The Macroeconomic Stabilization Of Tariff Shocks: What Is The Optimal Monetary Response?," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2026, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
- Paul R. Bergin & Giancarlo Corsetti, 2020. "The Macroeconomic Stabilization of Tariff Shocks: What is the Optimal Monetary Response?," NBER Working Papers 26995, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Corsetti, Giancarlo & Bergin, Paul R, 2020. "The Macroeconomic Stabilization of Tariff Shocks: What is the Optimal Monetary Response?," CEPR Discussion Papers 14556, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Giancarlo Corsetti & Paul Bergin, 2023. "The Macroeconomic Stabilization of Tariff Shocks: What is the Optimal Monetary Response?," RSCAS Working Papers 2023/17, European University Institute.
- Schlör, Holger & Venghaus, Sandra, 2022. "Measuring resilience in the food-energy-water nexus based on ethical values and trade relations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
- Jakob B. Madsen, 2001. "Trade Barriers and the Collapse of World Trade During the Great Depression," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 67(4), pages 848-868, April.
- Gulan, Adam & Haavio, Markus & Kilponen, Juha, 2021.
"Can large trade shocks cause crises? The case of the Finnish–Soviet trade collapse,"
Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
- Gulan, Adam & Haavio, Markus & Kilponen, Juha, 2019. "Can large trade shocks cause crises? The case of the Finnish-Soviet trade collapse," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 9/2019, Bank of Finland.
- Luca Pensieroso & Romain Restout, 2021.
"The Gold Standard and the International Dimension of the Great Depression,"
Working Papers of BETA
2021-21, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
- Luca Pensieroso & Romain Restout, 2023. "The Gold Standard and the International Dimension of the Great Depression," Post-Print hal-04264183, HAL.
- Paul Klein & Gustavo Ventura, 2018. "Taxation, Expenditures and the Irish Miracle," 2018 Meeting Papers 282, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Luca Pensieroso, 2011.
"The Great Depression in Belgium from a Neoclassical Perspective,"
Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 14(2), pages 389-402, Arpil.
- Luca, PENSIEROSO, 2007. "The Great Depression in Belgium from a Neo-Classical Perspective," Discussion Papers (ECON - Département des Sciences Economiques) 2007025, Université catholique de Louvain, Département des Sciences Economiques.
- Cardi, Olivier & Restout, Romain, 2023.
"Sectoral fiscal multipliers and technology in open economy,"
Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
- Olivier CARDI & Romain RESTOUT, 2021. "Sectoral Fiscal Multipliers And Technology In Open Economy," Working Papers of BETA 2021-22, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
- Olivier CARDI & Romain RESTOUT, 2023. "Sectoral Fiscal Multipliers And Technology In Open Economy," Working Papers of BETA 2023-20, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
- Olivier Cardi & Romain Restout, 2021. "Sectoral Fiscal Multipliers and Technology in Open Economy," Working Papers 327798298, Lancaster University Management School, Economics Department.
- Olivier Cardi & Romain Restout, 2023. "Sectoral fiscal multipliers and technology in open economy," Post-Print hal-04522948, HAL.
- Casey Mulligan, 2009. "What Caused the Recession of 2008? Hints from Labor Productivity," NBER Working Papers 14729, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Timothy J. Kehoe & Edward C. Prescott, 2002.
"Great Depressions of the Twentieth Century,"
Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 5(1), pages 1-18, January.
- Timothy Kehoe & Edward Prescott, 2002. "Data Appendix to Great Depressions of the Twentieth Century," Online Appendices kehoe02, Review of Economic Dynamics.
- Luca Pensieroso & Romain Restout, 2018.
"The Gold Standard and the Great Depression: a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model,"
LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES
2018016, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
- Luca Pensieroso & Romain Restout, 2019. "The Gold Standard and the Great Depression: a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model," Working Papers of BETA 2019-23, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
- Luca Pensieroso & Romain Restout, 2019. "The Gold Standard and the Great Depression: a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model," Working Papers 06-19, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC).
- Anand, Kartik & Gai, Prasanna & König, Philipp Johann, 2020. "Leaping into the dark: A theory of policy gambles," Discussion Papers 07/2020, Deutsche Bundesbank.
- Harold L. Cole & Lee E. Ohanian, 1999. "The Great Depression in the United States from a neoclassical perspective," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, vol. 23(Win), pages 2-24.
- Bergin, Paul R. & Corsetti, Giancarlo, 2023. "The macroeconomic stabilization of tariff shocks: What is the optimal monetary response?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
- Douglas A. Irwin, 1998.
"From Smoot-Hawley to Reciprocal Trade Agreements: Changing the Course of U.S. Trade Policy in the 1930s,"
NBER Chapters, in: The Defining Moment: The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century, pages 325-352,
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Douglas A. Irwin, 1997. "From Smoot-Hawley to Reciprocal Trade Agreements: Changing the Course of U.S. Trade Policy in the 1930s," NBER Working Papers 5895, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Kris James Mitchener Author e-mail: kmitchener@scu.edu & Kirsten Wandschneider Author e-mail: kirsten.wandschneider@univie.ac.at & Kevin Hjortshøj O’Rourke Author e-mail: akevin.orourke@nyu.edu, 2021. "The Smoot-Hawley Trade War," Working Papers 20210061, New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Social Science, revised Mar 2021.
- Mario J. Crucini & James A. Kahn, 2003.
"Tariffs and the Great Depression revisited,"
Staff Reports
172, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
- Mario J. Crucini & James Kahn, 2003. "Tariffs and the Great Depression Revisited," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 0316, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
- Harold L. Cole & Lee E. Ohanian & Ron Leung, 2005.
"Deflation and the International Great Depression: A Productivity Puzzle,"
NBER Working Papers
11237, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Harold L. Cole & Ron Leung & Lee E. Ohanian, 2005. "Deflation and the international Great Depression: a productivity puzzle," Staff Report 356, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
- Mr. James M. Boughton, 2004. "The IMF and the force of History: Ten Events and Ten Ideas that Have Shaped the Institution," IMF Working Papers 2004/075, International Monetary Fund.
- Backus, David K. & Crucini, Mario J., 2000.
"Oil prices and the terms of trade,"
Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 185-213, February.
- David K. Backus & Mario J. Crucini, 1998. "Oil Prices and the Terms of Trade," NBER Working Papers 6697, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Casey B. Mulligan, 2011. "Rising Labor Productivity during the 2008-9 Recession," NBER Working Papers 17584, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Levchenko, Andrei A. & Zhang, Jing, 2016.
"The evolution of comparative advantage: Measurement and welfare implications,"
Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 96-111.
- Andrei A. Levchenko & Jing Zhang, 2010. "The Evolution of Comparative Advantage: Measurement and Welfare Implications," Working Papers 610, Research Seminar in International Economics, University of Michigan.
- Andrei A. Levchenko & Jing Zhang, 2011. "The Evolution of Comparative Advantage: Measurement and Welfare Implications," NBER Working Papers 16806, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Jing Zhang & Andrei A. Levchenko, 2011. "The Evolution of Comparative Advantage: Measurement and Welfare Implications," 2011 Meeting Papers 302, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Eric Bond & Mario Crucini & Joel Rodrigue & Tristan Potter, 2013.
"Misallocation and Productivity Effects of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff,"
Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 16(1), pages 120-134, January.
- Eric W. Bond & Mario J. Crucini & Tristan Potter & Joel Rodrigue, 2012. "Misallocation and Productivity Effects of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff," NBER Working Papers 18034, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Pedro Amaral & James C. MacGee, 2002.
"The Great Depression in Canada and the United States: A Neoclassical Perspective,"
Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 5(1), pages 45-72, January.
- Pedro Amaral & James Macgee, 2002. "Data Appendix to The Great Depression in Canada and the United States: A Neoclassical Perspective," Online Appendices amaral02, Review of Economic Dynamics.
- Karau, Sören, 2020. "Buried in the vaults of central banks: Monetary gold hoarding and the slide into the Great Depression," Discussion Papers 63/2020, Deutsche Bundesbank.
- Richard S. Grossman & Christopher M. Meissner, 2010.
"International aspects of the Great Depression and the crisis of 2007: similarities, differences, and lessons,"
Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 26(3), pages 318-338, Autumn.
- Richard S. Grossman & Christopher M. Meissner, 2010. "International Aspects of the Great Depression and the Crisis of 2007: Similarities, Differences, and Lessons," NBER Working Papers 16269, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Richard S. Grossman & Christopher M. Meissner, 2010. "International Aspects of the Great Depression and the Crisis of 2007: Similarities, Differences, and Lessons," Wesleyan Economics Working Papers 2010-002, Wesleyan University, Department of Economics, revised Aug 2010.
- Robert B. Archibald & David H. Feldman, 1998. "Investment During the Great Depression: Uncertainty and the Role of the Smoot‐Hawley Tariff," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 64(4), pages 857-879, April.
- Mulligan Casey B, 2001.
"Aggregate Implications of Indivisible Labor,"
The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 1(1), pages 1-35, April.
- Casey B. Mulligan, 2001. "Aggregate Implications of Indivisible Labor," NBER Working Papers 8159, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Lee E. Ohanian, 2016. "The Great Recession in the Shadow of the Great Depression: A Review Essay on “Hall of Mirrors: The Great Depression, The Great Recession and the Uses and Misuses Of History”," NBER Working Papers 22239, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Jun Ishii & Kei-Mu Yi, 1997. "The growth of world trade," Research Paper 9718, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
- Christopher A. Kennedy, 2023. "Biophysical economic interpretation of the Great Depression: A critical period of an energy transition," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(4), pages 1197-1211, August.
- Kris James Mitchener & Kevin Hjortshøj O'Rourke & Kirsten Wandschneider, 2022.
"The Smoot-Hawley Trade War,"
The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(647), pages 2500-2533.
- Mitchener, Kris James & Wandschneider, Kirsten & O Rourke, Kevin Hjortshoj, 2021. "The Smoot-Hawley Trade War," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 550, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
- Kris James Mitchener & Kirsten Wandschneider & Kevin Hjortshøj O'Rourke, 2021. "The Smoot-Hawley Trade War," NBER Working Papers 28616, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Wandschneider, Kirsten & Mitchener, Kris & O'Rourke, Kevin, 2021. "The Smoot-Hawley Trade War," CEPR Discussion Papers 15952, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Kris James Mitchener & Kirsten Wandschneider & Kevin Hjortshøj O’Rourke, 2021. "The Smoot-Hawley Trade War," Oxford Economic and Social History Working Papers _188, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
- Kris James Mitchener & Kirsten Wandschneider & Kevin Hjortshøj O'Rourke, 2021. "The Smoot-Hawley Trade War," CESifo Working Paper Series 8966, CESifo.
- repec:zbw:bofrdp:2019_009 is not listed on IDEAS
- Albers, Thilo Nils Hendrik, 2018. "The prelude and global impact of the Great Depression: Evidence from a new macroeconomic dataset," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 150-163.
- Luca PENSIEROSO, 2010.
"The Great Depression in Belgium: an Open-Economy Analysis,"
LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES
2010023, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
- Luca Pensieroso, 2012. "The Great Depression in Belgium: an Open-Economy Analysis," Working Papers 12-01, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC).
- Casey B. Mulligan, 2002. "A Dual Method of Empirically Evaluating Dynamic Competitive Equilibrium Models with Market Distortions, Applied to the Great Depression & World War II," NBER Working Papers 8775, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Fezzi, Carlo & Fanghella, Valeria, 2021. "Tracking GDP in real-time using electricity market data: Insights from the first wave of COVID-19 across Europe," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
- Jean-Marc Malambwe Kilolo, 2018. "An elementary model of export tax war," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 154(2), pages 307-325, May.
- Harold L. Cole & Lee E. Ohanian, 2002. "The U.S. and U.K. Great Depressions Through the Lens of Neoclassical Growth Theory," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(2), pages 28-32, May.
- Waugh, Michael E. & Ravikumar, B., 2016.
"Measuring openness to trade,"
Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 29-41.
- Michael E. Waugh & B. Ravikumar, 2016. "Measuring Openness to Trade," NBER Working Papers 22147, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- B. Ravikumar & Michael E. Waugh, 2016. "Measuring Openness to Trade," Working Papers 2016-3, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
- Cristian Spiridon, 2014. "International Trade During The Crisis. Determinants," CES Working Papers, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 6(2), pages 156-164, July.
- Barton, Jan & Waymire, Gregory, 2004. "Investor protection under unregulated financial reporting," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 65-116, December.
- Sinem Yapar Saçık & Nihal Yokuş & Mehmet Alagöz & Turgut Yokuş, 2020. "Optimum Renewable Energy Investment Planning in Terms of Current Deficit: Turkey Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, March.
- Tasso Adamopoulos, 2008. "Land Inequality and the Transition to Modern Growth," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 11(2), pages 257-282, April.
- Amaral, Pedro S. & MacGee, James C., 2017. "Monetary shocks and sticky wages in the U.S. great contraction: A multi-sector approach," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 112-129.
- Gulan, Adam & Haavio, Markus & Kilponen, Juha, 2021.
"Can large trade shocks cause crises? The case of the Finnish–Soviet trade collapse,"
Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
- Gulan, Adam & Haavio, Markus & Kilponen, Juha, 2019. "Can large trade shocks cause crises? The case of the Finnish-Soviet trade collapse," Research Discussion Papers 9/2019, Bank of Finland.
- Juan Carlos Conesa & Matthew J. Delventhal & Pau S. Pujolas & Gajendran Raveendranathan, 2024. "The Cost Of Trade Disruptions At Different Stages Of Development," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 65(3), pages 1133-1161, August.
- Timothy J. Kehoe & Edward C. Prescott, 2007.
"Great depressions of the twentieth century,"
Monograph,
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, number 2007gdott.
- Timothy J. Kehoe & Edward C. Prescott, 2002. "Great Depressions of the Twentieth Century," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 5(1), pages 1-18, January.