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Financial risk tolerance revisited: the development of a risk assessment instrument

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  1. John Grable & Dee Warmath & Eun Jin Kwak, 2022. "An Assessment of the Association between Political Orientation and Financial Risk Tolerance," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-16, April.
  2. Madhu Acharyya & Chris Brady, 2014. "Designing an Enterprise Risk Management Curriculum for Business Studies: Insights From a Pilot Program," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 17(1), pages 113-136, March.
  3. Kumar Saurabh & Tanuj Nandan, 2019. "Role of financial knowledge, financial socialisation and financial risk attitude in financial satisfaction of Indian individuals," International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 18(1), pages 104-122.
  4. Benjamin Armbruster & Erick Delage, 2015. "Decision Making Under Uncertainty When Preference Information Is Incomplete," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 61(1), pages 111-128, January.
  5. Shafi, Haroon & Akram, Muhammad & Hussain, Mubashir & Sajjad, Syed Imran & Rehman, Kashif Ur, 2011. "Relationship between risk perception and employee investment behavior," MPRA Paper 53849, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  6. Babli Dhiman & Saloni Raheja, 2018. "Do Personality Traits and Emotional Intelligence of Investors Determine Their Risk Tolerance?," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 43(1-2), pages 88-99, February.
  7. Kling, Luisa & König-Kersting, Christian & Trautmann, Stefan T., 2019. "Investment Preferences and Risk Perception: Financial Agents versus Clients," Working Papers 0674, University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics.
  8. Hermansson, Cecilia, 2018. "Can self-assessed financial risk measures explain and predict bank customers’ objective financial risk?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 226-240.
  9. Monika Mueller & Paul Resnik & Craig Saunders, 2021. "Risk Preferences of Investors," Palgrave Studies in Financial Services Technology, in: Peter Scholz (ed.), Robo-Advisory, chapter 0, pages 35-51, Palgrave Macmillan.
  10. Niculaescu, Corina E. & Sangiorgi, Ivan & Bell, Adrian R., 2023. "Does personal experience with COVID-19 impact investment decisions? Evidence from a survey of US retail investors," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  11. Wang, Wei & Xu, Huifu & Ma, Tiejun, 2023. "Optimal scenario-dependent multivariate shortfall risk measure and its application in risk capital allocation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 306(1), pages 322-347.
  12. Babita Jha & Lokesh Vijayvargy & Srikant Gupta, 2022. "The Impact of Socio-Economic and Psychographic Factors on Financial Inclusion," International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics (IJABE), IGI Global, vol. 11(1), pages 1-17, January.
  13. Churchill, Sefa Awaworyi & Chang, Simon & Smyth, Russell & Trinh, Trong-Anh, 2024. "The Long Run Gender Origins of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Australia's Convict History," IZA Discussion Papers 17170, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  14. Linh Thi My Nguyen & Phong Thanh Nguyen & Quynh Nguyen Nhu Tran & Thi Tuong Giang Trinh, 2021. "Why does subjective financial literacy hinder retirement saving? The mediating roles of risk tolerance and risk perception," Review of Behavioral Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 14(5), pages 627-645, April.
  15. Kiliyanni, Abdul Latheef & Sivaraman, Sunitha, 2016. "The perception-reality gap in financial literacy: Evidence from the most literate state in India," International Review of Economics Education, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 47-64.
  16. Katarzyna Kochaniak & Paweł Ulman, 2020. "Risk-Intolerant but Risk-Taking—Towards a Better Understanding of Inconsistent Survey Responses of the Euro Area Households," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-26, August.
  17. Campara, Jessica & Da Costa, Newton & Matsushita, Raul & Da Silva, Sergio, 2021. "Two selves and two minds in a longitudinal survey of risk attitudes," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
  18. Haroon Shafi & Mubashir Hussain & Syed Imran Sajjad & Kashif Ur Rehman, 2011. "Relationship between Risk Perception and Employee Investment Behavior," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 3(6), pages 345-351.
  19. Shelly Srivastava & Supriyo Roy, 2023. "Impact of Equity Investment Intention Towards Behaviour: An Empirical Analysis," Vision, , vol. 27(3), pages 329-346, June.
  20. O’Faircheallaigh, Ciaran & Gibson, Ginger, 2012. "Economic risk and mineral taxation on Indigenous lands," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 10-18.
  21. Brooks, Chris & Sangiorgi, Ivan & Hillenbrand, Carola & Money, Kevin, 2019. "Experience wears the trousers: Exploring gender and attitude to financial risk," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 483-515.
  22. Mooreland, Jay, II, 2011. "The Irrational Investor’s Risk Profile," Master's Theses and Plan B Papers 107787, University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics.
  23. Anbar, Adem & Eker, Melek, 2019. "The Effect of Sociodemographic Variables and Love of Money on Financial Risk Tolerance of Bankers," Business and Economics Research Journal, Uludag University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, vol. 10(4), pages 855-866, July.
  24. Anu Sahi, 2022. "Demographics and financial risk tolerance among investors of Punjab: an empirical analysis," International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 15(2/3/4), pages 153-163.
  25. Justus Blaschke, 2022. "Gender differences in financial literacy among teenagers - Can confidence bridge the gap?," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 2144328-214, December.
  26. Wookjae Heo & John E. Grable & Abed G. Rabbani, 2020. "A test of the association between the initial surge in COVID-19 cases and subsequent changes in financial risk tolerance," Review of Behavioral Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 13(1), pages 3-19, August.
  27. Shirantha Heenkenda & D.P.S Chandrakumara, 2015. "A Canonical Analysis on the Relationship between Financial Risk Tolerance and Household Education Investment in Sri Lanka," International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, Inovatus Services Ltd., vol. 1(4), pages 7-23, October.
  28. Wookjae Heo & John E. Grable & Barbara O’Neill, 2017. "Wealth Accumulation Inequality: Does Investment Risk Tolerance and Equity Ownership Drive Wealth Accumulation?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 133(1), pages 209-225, August.
  29. Sandip Chattopadhyay & Ranjan Dasgupta, 2015. "Demographic and Socioeconomic Impact on Risk Attitudes of the Indian Investors - An Empirical Study," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 5(4), pages 601-623, April.
  30. Wookjae Heo & Abed G. Rabbani & Jae Min Lee, 2021. "Mediation between financial risk tolerance and equity ownership: assessing the role of financial knowledge underconfidence," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(3), pages 169-180, September.
  31. Lemaster, Philip & Strough, JoNell, 2014. "Beyond Mars and Venus: Understanding gender differences in financial risk tolerance," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 148-160.
  32. Lin Li, 2023. "Investigating risk assessment in post-pandemic household cryptocurrency investments: an explainable machine learning approach," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(4), pages 255-267, July.
  33. Sune Ferreira & Zandri Dickason-Koekemoer, 2019. "The Relationship Between Depositor Behaviour and Risk Tolerance in a South African Context," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 23(3), pages 36-55, September.
  34. Barbara Alemanni & Pierpaolo Uberti, 2019. "What Are Investors Afraid of? Finding the Big Bad Wolf," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-12, July.
  35. Chris Brooks & Louis Williams, 2024. "People are people: A comparative analysis of risk attitudes across Europe," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(3), pages 3545-3566, July.
  36. Shakira MUKHTAR & Anisa JAN, 2023. "Decoding financial literacy's mediating role: analyzing the influence of biopsychosocial indicators on financial satisfaction and risk tolerance among millennial investors," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(4(637), W), pages 219-242, Winter.
  37. Sune Ferreira-Schenk & Zandri Dickason-Koekemoer, 2023. "Analysing the Factors Affecting the Long-term Investment Intention of Investors," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(1), pages 112-120, January.
  38. Umi Widyastuti & Erie Febrian & Sutisna & Tettet Fitrijanti, 2019. "Factors Explaining the Market Discipline of Sharia Mutual Funds from a Behavioural Finance Perspective: A Theoretical Approach," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(3), pages 198-212.
  39. Pragati Hemrajani & Rajni & Rahul Dhiman, 2024. "Retail Investors’ Financial Risk Tolerance and Risk-taking Behaviour: The Role of Psychological Factors," FIIB Business Review, , vol. 13(1), pages 87-105, January.
  40. Kavita Chavali & M. Prasanna Mohanraj, 2016. "Impact of Demographic Variables and Risk Tolerance on Investment Decisions: An Empirical Analysis," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(1), pages 169-175.
  41. Abdullah Yusof, Selamah & Abd Rokis, Rohaiza & Wan Jusoh, Wan Jamaliah, 2015. "Financial Fragility of Urban Households in Malaysia," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 49(1), pages 15-24.
  42. Shirantha Heenkenda, 2015. "Determination of financial risk tolerance among different household sectors in Sri Lanka," Asian Journal of Empirical Research, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 5(11), pages 206-220, November.
  43. Jürg Hari & Elisabeth Pirsch & Heike Rawitzer, 2018. "Women are scaredy-cats and men are conquerors?," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(2), pages 128-139, June.
  44. Van de Venter, Gerhard & Michayluk, David & Davey, Geoff, 2012. "A longitudinal study of financial risk tolerance," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 794-800.
  45. Naveed Hussain Shah & Waqar Khalid & Saifullah Khan & Muhammad Arif & Muhammad Asad Khan, 2020. "An Empirical Analysis of Financial Risk Tolerance and Demographic Factors of Business Graduates in Pakistan," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 10(4), pages 220-234.
  46. Wookjae Heo & Eunchan Kim & Eun Jin Kwak & John E. Grable, 2024. "Identifying Hidden Factors Associated with Household Emergency Fund Holdings: A Machine Learning Application," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-39, January.
  47. Yao, Zheying & Rabbani, Abed G., 2021. "Association between investment risk tolerance and portfolio risk: The role of confidence level," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(C).
  48. John E. Grable & Abed Rabbani, 2023. "The Moderating Effect of Financial Knowledge on Financial Risk Tolerance," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, February.
  49. Antonios Evangelou & Sune Ferreira-Schenk & Lorainne Ferreira & Elizabeth Bothma, 2022. "Investment Risk Tolerance amongst South African University Students in the Vaal Triangle Area," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 12(1), pages 13-23.
  50. Mihai Chişu, 2019. "Risk Aversion And Financial Effects Into The Asset Management Industry," Romanian Economic Business Review, Romanian-American University, vol. 14(2), pages 25-39, June.
  51. Heena Thanki & Narayan Baser, 2019. "Interactive Impact of Demographic Variables and Personality Type on Risk Tolerance," Emerging Economy Studies, International Management Institute, vol. 5(1), pages 42-54, May.
  52. Kling, Luisa & König-Kersting, Christian & Trautmann, Stefan T., 2023. "Investment preferences and risk perception: Financial agents versus clients," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  53. John Grable & Eun Jin Kwak & Martha Fulk & Aditi Routh, 2022. "A Simplified Measure of Investor Risk Aversion," Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, , vol. 34(1), pages 7-34, January.
  54. Nicoletta Marinelli & Camilla Mazzoli & Fabrizio Palmucci, 2017. "Mind the Gap: Inconsistencies Between Subjective and Objective Financial Risk Tolerance," Journal of Behavioral Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 219-230, April.
  55. Syed Aliya Zahera & Rohit Bansal, 2018. "Do investors exhibit behavioral biases in investment decision making? A systematic review," Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 10(2), pages 210-251, May.
  56. Heenkenda, Shirantha, 2014. "Determination of Financial Risk Tolerance among Different Household Sectors in Sri Lanka," MPRA Paper 67324, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  57. Yi Luo & Steven E. Salterio, 2022. "The Effect of Gender on Investors’ Judgments and Decision-Making," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 179(1), pages 237-258, August.
  58. Hermansson, Cecilia & Jonsson, Sara, 2021. "The impact of financial literacy and financial interest on risk tolerance," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
  59. Heo, Wookjae & Grable, John E. & Rabbani, Abed G., 2018. "A test of the relevant association between utility theory and subjective risk tolerance: Introducing the Profit-to-Willingness ratio," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 84-88.
  60. Sheryl Ball & Catherine Eckel & Maria Heracleous, 2010. "Risk aversion and physical prowess: Prediction, choice and bias," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 167-193, December.
  61. Ranjit Singh & Jayashree Bhattacharjee & K. Kajol, 2024. "Factors Affecting Risk Perception in Respect of Equity Shares: A Social Network Analysis Approach," Vision, , vol. 28(3), pages 386-399, June.
  62. Williams, Allan M. & Chen, Jason Li & Li, Gang & Baláž, Vladimír, 2022. "Risk, uncertainty and ambiguity amid Covid-19: A multi-national analysis of international travel intentions," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  63. Sandip Chattopadhyay & Ranjan Dasgupta, 2015. "Demographic and Socioeconomic Impact on Risk Attitudes of the Indian Investors - An Empirical Study," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 5(4), pages 601-623.
  64. J. Magendans & J.M. Gutteling & S. Zebel, 2017. "Psychological determinants of financial buffer saving: the influence of financial risk tolerance and regulatory focus," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(8), pages 1076-1093, August.
  65. Beer, Francisca M. & Wellman, Joseph D., 2021. "Implication of stigmatization on investors financial risk tolerance: The case of gay men," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
  66. Adu Bonna & Robert Awobgo-Moah Amoah, 2020. "Influence of Culture on Investment Decisions: A Cross-Sectional Study of Ghanaian Population," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 11(6), pages 32-45.
  67. Boaitey, Albert & Goddard, Ellen & Mohapatra, Sandeep & Hailu, Getu, 2014. "Cow-Calf Producer Risk Preference Impacts On Willingness To Pay For Sustainable Breeding Practices," 2014 Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2014, Minneapolis, Minnesota 170231, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  68. Victoria Gevorkova & Ivan Sangiorgi & Julia Vogt, 2024. "Cleansing Investor’s Conscience: The Effects of Incidental Guilt on Socially Responsible Investment Decisions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 193(1), pages 89-114, August.
  69. Jianmu Ye & KMMCB Kulathunga, 2019. "How Does Financial Literacy Promote Sustainability in SMEs? A Developing Country Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-21, May.
  70. Mukhtar Shakira & Jan Anisa & Zahoor Adil, 2023. "Beyond the Big Five: How Dynamic Personality Traits Predict Financial Risk Tolerance?," Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 11(1), pages 93-114, October.
  71. Ramudzuli Pfano Michael & Muzindutsi Paul-Francois, 2018. "Determinants of Financial and Non-Financial Risk Tolerance among Students at Selected South African Universities," Foundations of Management, Sciendo, vol. 10(1), pages 293-302, December.
  72. Ivo Vlaev & Petko Kusev & Neil Stewart & Silvio Aldrovandi & Nick Chater, 2010. "Domain Effects and Financial Risk Attitudes," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(9), pages 1374-1386, September.
  73. Kong, Hyeongwoo & Yun, Wonje & Kim, Woo Chang, 2023. "Tracking customer risk aversion," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
  74. Abed Rabbani & Wookjae Heo & John E. Grable, 2021. "The role of financial literacy in describing the use of professional financial advisors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(4), pages 226-236, December.
  75. Nur Alya Afiqah Binti Mahat & Wei-Theng Lau, 2023. "Financial Literacy, Experience, Risk Tolerance and Investment Behavior: Observations during Pandemic," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(10), pages 558-573, October.
  76. John E. Grable & Michael J. Roszkowski, 2008. "The influence of mood on the willingness to take financial risks," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(7), pages 905-923, October.
  77. J. Francois Outreville, 2014. "Risk Aversion, Risk Behavior, and Demand for Insurance: A Survey," Journal of Insurance Issues, Western Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 37(2), pages 158-186.
  78. Kylie J. Gilbey & Sharon Purchase, 2023. "Segmented financial risk tolerances within the standardised initial public offering regulatory environment of the Australian Securities Exchange," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(S1), pages 1447-1475, April.
  79. Brian Lucey & Charles Larkin, 2012. "Risk Tolerance and Demographic Characteristics: Preliminary Irish Evidence," The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp406, IIIS.
  80. John E. Grable & Wookjae Heo & Abed Rabbani, 2021. "Characteristics of random responders in a financial risk-tolerance questionnaire," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(1), pages 1-9, March.
  81. Erick Delage & Jonathan Yu-Meng Li, 2018. "Minimizing Risk Exposure When the Choice of a Risk Measure Is Ambiguous," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(1), pages 327-344, January.
  82. Heena Thanki & Sweety Shah & Vrajlal Sapovadia & Ankit D. Oza & Dumitru Doru Burduhos-Nergis, 2022. "Role of Gender in Predicting Determinant of Financial Risk Tolerance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, August.
  83. Grable, John E. & Lyons, Angela C. & Heo, Wookjae, 2019. "A test of traditional and psychometric relative risk tolerance measures on household financial risk taking," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 8-13.
  84. Tavor, Tchai, 2019. "The theoretical attitude and actual behavior of an individual towards risk," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 1-11.
  85. Di Wang & Frank McGroarty, 2022. "Does perfectionism influence individual financial risk tolerance and financial well-being? Evidence from an online survey data from the US," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(11), pages 1-32, November.
  86. Phung, Trang M.T. & Tran, Quoc N. & Nguyen, Nhut H. & Nguyen, Tho H., 2021. "Financial decision-making power and risk taking," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
  87. Heo, Wookjae & Rabbani, Abed & Grable, John E., 2021. "An Evaluation of the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Risk Tolerance of Financial Decision Makers," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
  88. Rabbani, Abed G. & Grable, John E., 2022. "Can portfolio risk be described with estimates of financial risk tolerance calibration?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 46(PB).
  89. Liana Holanda N. Nobre & John E. Grable & Wesley Vieira da Silva & Claudimar Pereira da Veiga, 2016. "A Cross Cultural Test of Financial Risk Tolerance Attitudes: Brazilian and American Similarities and Differences," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(1), pages 314-322.
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