IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jjrfmx/v15y2022i5p199-d800770.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Assessment of the Association between Political Orientation and Financial Risk Tolerance

Author

Listed:
  • John Grable

    (Department of Financial Planning, Housing and Consumer Economics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

  • Dee Warmath

    (Department of Financial Planning, Housing and Consumer Economics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

  • Eun Jin Kwak

    (Department of Financial Planning, Housing and Consumer Economics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present findings from research that was undertaken to answer the following questions. First, to what extent is political orientation associated with financial risk tolerance, and second, to what degree is political orientation predictive of changes in risk tolerance across periods? Using panel collected before and after the 2020 U.S. presidential election, it was determined that the strength of affiliation with the Republican and Democratic Parties was descriptive of cross-sectional financial risk tolerance. Republicans were found to exhibit greater risk tolerance compared with Democrats. Across periods, the risk tolerance of Republicans was less stable, whereas the financial risk tolerance of Democrats was more stable. A significant decrease in risk tolerance was observed for those affiliating as a Republican pre-election to post-election. When political orientation was measured on a scale, the decrease in risk tolerance across periods for Republicans was significant. The risk tolerance of those affiliating as a Democrat increased across the periods but at a lower rate than in the drop in scores among Republicans. When viewed across the variables of interest in this study, political orientation was found to be an important descriptor of FRT.

Suggested Citation

  • John Grable & Dee Warmath & Eun Jin Kwak, 2022. "An Assessment of the Association between Political Orientation and Financial Risk Tolerance," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:15:y:2022:i:5:p:199-:d:800770
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/15/5/199/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/15/5/199/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yao, Rui & Sharpe, Deanna L. & Wang, Feifei, 2011. "Decomposing the age effect on risk tolerance," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 40(6), pages 879-887.
    2. Alberto Alesina & George-Marios Angeletos, 2005. "Fairness and Redistribution," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 95(4), pages 960-980, September.
    3. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    4. Kaustia, Markku & Torstila, Sami, 2011. "Stock market aversion? Political preferences and stock market participation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(1), pages 98-112, April.
    5. Brooks, Chris & Sangiorgi, Ivan & Hillenbrand, Carola & Money, Kevin, 2018. "Why are older investors less willing to take financial risks?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 52-72.
    6. Caterina Lucarelli & Cristina Ottaviani & Daniela Vandone, 2011. "The Layout of the Empirical Analysis," Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions, in: Caterina Lucarelli & Gianni Brighetti (ed.), Risk Tolerance in Financial Decision Making, chapter 6, pages 153-162, Palgrave Macmillan.
    7. Alan Wong & Bernardo Carducci, 2013. "Does Personality Affect Personal Financial Risk Tolerance Behavior?," The IUP Journal of Applied Finance, IUP Publications, vol. 19(3), pages 5-18, July.
    8. Ryan Gibson & David Michayluk & Gerhard Van de Venter, 2013. "Financial risk tolerance: An analysis of unexplored factors," Published Paper Series 2013-1, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney.
    9. Grable, John & Lytton, Ruth H., 1999. "Financial risk tolerance revisited: the development of a risk assessment instrument," Financial Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 163-181.
    10. Adem Anbar & Melek Eker, 2010. "An Empirical Investigation for Determining of the Relation Between Personal Financial Risk Tolerance and Demographic Characteristic," Ege Academic Review, Ege University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, vol. 10(2), pages 503-522.
    11. Kavita Chavali & M. Prasanna Mohanraj, 2016. "Impact of Demographic Variables and Risk Tolerance on Investment Decisions: An Empirical Analysis," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(1), pages 169-175.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Leobardo Diosdado & Matthew Jaramillo & Eugene Bland & Christopher Wertheim, 2024. "Coastal Real Estate Vibes: An Analysis of the Association Between Coastal Residential Ownership and the Resident Occupant’s Risk Tolerance," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-12, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. John Grable & Eun Jin Kwak & Martha Fulk & Aditi Routh, 2022. "A Simplified Measure of Investor Risk Aversion," Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, , vol. 34(1), pages 7-34, January.
    2. Anbar, Adem & Eker, Melek, 2019. "The Effect of Sociodemographic Variables and Love of Money on Financial Risk Tolerance of Bankers," Business and Economics Research Journal, Uludag University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, vol. 10(4), pages 855-866, July.
    3. Katarzyna Kochaniak & Paweł Ulman, 2020. "Risk-Intolerant but Risk-Taking—Towards a Better Understanding of Inconsistent Survey Responses of the Euro Area Households," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-26, August.
    4. Pragati Hemrajani & Rajni & Rahul Dhiman, 2024. "Retail Investors’ Financial Risk Tolerance and Risk-taking Behaviour: The Role of Psychological Factors," FIIB Business Review, , vol. 13(1), pages 87-105, January.
    5. Zhu, Alex Yue Feng, 2019. "Financial risk tolerance of Hong Kong adolescents: A hierarchical model," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 193-200.
    6. Kumar Saurabh & Tanuj Nandan, 2019. "Role of financial knowledge, financial socialisation and financial risk attitude in financial satisfaction of Indian individuals," International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 18(1), pages 104-122.
    7. Brooks, Chris & Williams, Louis, 2021. "The impact of personality traits on attitude to financial risk," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    8. Brooks, Chris & Sangiorgi, Ivan & Hillenbrand, Carola & Money, Kevin, 2019. "Experience wears the trousers: Exploring gender and attitude to financial risk," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 483-515.
    9. Antonios Evangelou & Sune Ferreira-Schenk & Lorainne Ferreira & Elizabeth Bothma, 2022. "Investment Risk Tolerance amongst South African University Students in the Vaal Triangle Area," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 12(1), pages 13-23.
    10. Beer, Francisca M. & Wellman, Joseph D., 2021. "Implication of stigmatization on investors financial risk tolerance: The case of gay men," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    11. Heena Thanki & Sweety Shah & Vrajlal Sapovadia & Ankit D. Oza & Dumitru Doru Burduhos-Nergis, 2022. "Role of Gender in Predicting Determinant of Financial Risk Tolerance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, August.
    12. Niculaescu, Corina E. & Sangiorgi, Ivan & Bell, Adrian R., 2023. "Does personal experience with COVID-19 impact investment decisions? Evidence from a survey of US retail investors," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    13. Eun Jin Kwak & John E. Grable, 2024. "A Comparison of Financial Risk-Tolerance Assessment Methods in Predicting Subsequent Risk Tolerance and Future Portfolio Choices," Risks, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-18, October.
    14. Lemaster, Philip & Strough, JoNell, 2014. "Beyond Mars and Venus: Understanding gender differences in financial risk tolerance," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 148-160.
    15. Muna Sharma & Swarn Chatterjee, 2021. "Cognitive Functioning: An Underlying Mechanism of Age and Gender Differences in Self-Assessed Risk Tolerance among an Aging Population," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-9, February.
    16. Júlio Lobão, 2024. "The Influence of Gender on Individuals’ Ability to Predict Their Own Risk Tolerance: Evidence from a European Country," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-16, March.
    17. Sandip Chattopadhyay & Ranjan Dasgupta, 2015. "Demographic and Socioeconomic Impact on Risk Attitudes of the Indian Investors - An Empirical Study," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 5(4), pages 601-623.
    18. Lin Li, 2023. "Investigating risk assessment in post-pandemic household cryptocurrency investments: an explainable machine learning approach," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(4), pages 255-267, July.
    19. Frank, Douglas H. & Wertenbroch, Klaus & Maddux, William W., 2015. "Performance pay or redistribution? Cultural differences in just-world beliefs and preferences for wage inequality," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 160-170.
    20. Nicoletta Marinelli & Camilla Mazzoli & Fabrizio Palmucci, 2017. "Mind the Gap: Inconsistencies Between Subjective and Objective Financial Risk Tolerance," Journal of Behavioral Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 219-230, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:15:y:2022:i:5:p:199-:d:800770. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.