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Prices, technology development and the rebound effect
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- Karasoy, Alper, 2022. "Is innovative technology a solution to Japan's long-run energy insecurity? Dynamic evidence from the linear and nonlinear methods," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
- Adom, Philip Kofi, 2015. "Determinants of energy intensity in South Africa: Testing for structural effects in parameters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 334-346.
- Hanley, Nick & McGregor, Peter G. & Swales, J. Kim & Turner, Karen, 2009. "Do increases in energy efficiency improve environmental quality and sustainability?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 692-709, January.
- Lin, Boqiang & Li, Jianglong, 2014. "The rebound effect for heavy industry: Empirical evidence from China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 589-599.
- Schenk, Niels J. & Moll, Henri C. & Schoot Uiterkamp, Anton J.M., 2007. "Meso-level analysis, the missing link in energy strategies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 1505-1516, March.
- Antonietti, Roberto & Fontini, Fulvio, 2019.
"Does energy price affect energy efficiency? Cross-country panel evidence,"
Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 896-906.
- Roberto Antonietti & Fulvio Fontini, 2018. "Does energy price affect energy efficiency? Cross-country panel evidence," SEEDS Working Papers 1218, SEEDS, Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies, revised Oct 2018.
- Considine, Timothy J. & Manderson, Edward J.M., 2015. "The cost of solar-centric renewable portfolio standards and reducing coal power generation using Arizona as a case study," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 402-419.
- Davood, Manzoor & Mohammad, Aghababaei & Haqiqi, Iman, 2011. "Rebound Effects Analysis of Electricity Efficiency Improvements in Iran: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach," MPRA Paper 95810, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Lin, Boqiang & Moubarak, Mohamed, 2014. "Estimation of energy saving potential in China's paper industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 182-189.
- Victor Ajayi & David Reiner, 2018.
"European Industrial Energy Intensity: The Role of Innovation 1995-2009,"
Working Papers
EPRG 1818, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
- Ajayi, V. & Reiner, D., 2018. "European Industrial Energy Intensity: The Role of Innovation 1995-2009," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1835, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
- Almansoori, Ali, 2014. "The influence of South Korean energy policy on OPEC oil exports," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 572-582.
- Adriana AnaMaria Davidescu & Andreea Maria Vass Paul & Rodica-Manuela Gogonea & Marian Zaharia, 2015. "Evaluating Romanian Eco-Innovation Performances in European Context," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-35, September.
- Sang-Hyeon Jin, 2020. "Fuel poverty and rebound effect in South Korea: An estimation for home appliances using the modified regression model," Energy & Environment, , vol. 31(7), pages 1147-1166, November.
- Karen Turner, 2008.
"A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of the Relative Price Sensitivity Required to Induce Rebound Effects in Response to an Improvement in Energy Efficiency in the UK Economy,"
Working Papers
0807, University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics.
- Turner, Karen, 2008. "A computable general equilibrium analysis of the relative price sensitivity required to induce rebound effects in response to an improvement in energy efficiency in the UK economy," SIRE Discussion Papers 2008-20, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE).
- Muhlis Can & Zahoor Ahmed, 2023. "Towards sustainable development in the European Union countries: Does economic complexity affect renewable and non‐renewable energy consumption?," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(1), pages 439-451, February.
- Sam Anson, 2009.
"Rebound and disinvestment effects in oil consumption and supply resulting from an increase in energy efficiency in the Scottish commercial transport sector,"
Working Papers
0901, University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics.
- Ansona, Sam & Turner, Karen, 2009. "Rebound and disinvestment effects in oil consumption and supply resulting from an increase in energy efficiency in the Scottish commercial transport sector," SIRE Discussion Papers 2009-05, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE).
- Michael Huesemann & Joyce Huesemann, 2008. "Will progress in science and technology avert or accelerate global collapse? A critical analysis and policy recommendations," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 10(6), pages 787-825, December.
- Adom, Philip Kofi, 2015. "Business cycle and economic-wide energy intensity: The implications for energy conservation policy in Algeria," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 334-350.
- Koesler, Simon & Swales, Kim & Turner, Karen, 2014. "Beyond national economy-wide rebound effects: An applied general equilibrium analysis incorporating international spillover effects," ZEW Discussion Papers 14-025, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
- Lina Sineviciene & Iryna Sotnyk & Oleksandr Kubatko, 2017. "Determinants of energy efficiency and energy consumption of Eastern Europe post-communist economies," Energy & Environment, , vol. 28(8), pages 870-884, December.
- Karen Turner, 2013.
""Rebound" Effects from Increased Energy Efficiency: A Time to Pause and Reflect,"
The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 4).
- Turner, Karen, 2012. "'Rebound' effects from increased energy efficiency: a time to pause and reflect," Stirling Economics Discussion Papers 2012-15, University of Stirling, Division of Economics.
- Cui, Cathy Xin & Ha, Soo Jung & Hanley, Nicholas & McGregor, Peter G & Turner, Karen & Yin, Ya Ping, 2011. "Productivity Growth, Decoupling and Pollution Leakage," Stirling Economics Discussion Papers 2011-13, University of Stirling, Division of Economics.
- Wang, Shaojian & Wang, Jieyu & Fang, Chuanglin & Feng, Kuishuang, 2019. "Inequalities in carbon intensity in China: A multi-scalar and multi-mechanism analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
- Ouyang, Jinlong & Long, Enshen & Hokao, Kazunori, 2010. "Rebound effect in Chinese household energy efficiency and solution for mitigating it," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 5269-5276.
- Turner, Karen, 2009.
"Negative rebound and disinvestment effects in response to an improvement in energy efficiency in the UK economy,"
Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 648-666, September.
- Turner, Karen, 2009. "Negative rebound and disinvestment effects in response to an improvement in energy efficiency in the UK economy," SIRE Discussion Papers 2009-12, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE).
- Karen Turner, 2009. "Negative rebound and disinvestment effects in response to an improvement in energy efficiency in the UK economy," Working Papers 0902, University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics.
- Ouyang, Jinlong & Ge, Jian & Hokao, Kazunori, 2009. "Economic analysis of energy-saving renovation measures for urban existing residential buildings in China based on thermal simulation and site investigation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 140-149, January.
- Tomasz Rokicki & Piotr Bórawski & Barbara Gradziuk & Piotr Gradziuk & Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska & Joanna Kozak & Danuta Jolanta Guzal-Dec & Kamil Wojtczuk, 2021. "Differentiation and Changes of Household Electricity Prices in EU Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, October.
- Balint Horvath & Miriam Bahna & Csaba Fogarassy, 2019. "The Ecological Criteria of Circular Growth and the Rebound Risk of Closed Loops," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, May.
- Jihye Byun & Sungjin Park & Kitae Jang, 2017. "Rebound Effect or Induced Demand? Analyzing the Compound Dual Effects on VMT in the U.S," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-10, February.
- Peng Hou & Yilin Li & Yong Tan & Yuanjie Hou, 2020. "Energy Price and Energy Efficiency in China: A Linear and Nonlinear Empirical Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-24, August.
- Mian Yang & Zheng Hu & Jiahai Yuan, 2016. "The recent history and successes of China's energy efficiency policy," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(6), pages 715-730, November.
- Gui, Shusen & Wu, Chunyou & Qu, Ying & Guo, Lingling, 2017. "Path analysis of factors impacting China's CO2 emission intensity: Viewpoint on energy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 650-658.
- Lu, Yingying & Liu, Yu & Zhou, Meifang, 2017.
"Rebound effect of improved energy efficiency for different energy types: A general equilibrium analysis for China,"
Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 248-256.
- Yingying Lu & Yu Liu & Meifang Zhou, 2016. "Rebound effect of improved energy efficiency for different energy types: A general equilibrium analysis for China," CAMA Working Papers 2016-38, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
- Ma, Hengyun & Oxley, Les & Gibson, John, 2009. "Gradual reforms and the emergence of energy market in China: Evidence from tests for convergence of energy prices," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 4834-4850, November.
- Luping Zhang & Yingying Zhu & Liwei Fan, 2021. "Temporal-Spatial Structure and Influencing Factors of Urban Energy Efficiency in China’s Agglomeration Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-20, October.
- Zimmermann, Michel & Vöhringer, Frank & Thalmann, Philippe & Moreau, Vincent, 2021. "Do rebound effects matter for Switzerland? Assessing the effectiveness of industrial energy efficiency improvements," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
- Pan, Xiongfeng & Ai, Bowei & Li, Changyu & Pan, Xianyou & Yan, Yaobo, 2019. "Dynamic relationship among environmental regulation, technological innovation and energy efficiency based on large scale provincial panel data in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 428-435.
- Yang, Lisha & Li, Zhi, 2017. "Technology advance and the carbon dioxide emission in China – Empirical research based on the rebound effect," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 150-161.
- Koesler, Simon & Swales, Kim & Turner, Karen, 2016. "International spillover and rebound effects from increased energy efficiency in Germany," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 444-452.
- Tajudeen, Ibrahim A., 2021. "The underlying drivers of economy-wide energy efficiency and asymmetric energy price responses," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
- Shao, Jun & Wang, Lianghu, 2023. "Can new-type urbanization improve the green total factor energy efficiency? Evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
- Zha, Jianping & Tan, Ting & Fan, Rong & Xu, Han & Ma, Siqi, 2020. "How to reduce energy intensity to achieve sustainable development of China's transport sector? A cross-regional comparison analysis," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
- Ya Chen & Xiaoli Fan & Qian Zhou, 2020. "An Inverted-U Impact of Environmental Regulations on Carbon Emissions in China’s Iron and Steel Industry: Mechanisms of Synergy and Innovation Effects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, February.
- Timothy J. Considine & Edward J. M. Manderson, 2013. "The Cost of Solar-Centric Renewable Portfolio Standards," Economics Discussion Paper Series 1323, Economics, The University of Manchester.
- Setyawan, Dhani, 2020. "Decomposing the Influencing Factors of Energy Intensity in the Passenger Transportation Sector in Indonesia," MPRA Paper 106114, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Janine De Fence & Nick Hanley & Karen Turner, 2009.
"Do Productivity Improvements Move Us Along the Environmental Kuznets Curve?,"
Working Papers
0908, University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics.
- De, Fence Janine & Hanley, Nicholas & Turner, Karen, 2009. "Do productivity improvements move us along the environmental Kuznets C urve?," Stirling Economics Discussion Papers 2009-02, University of Stirling, Division of Economics.
- Turner, Karen & Hanley, Nick & De Fence, Janine, 2009. "Do Productivity Improvements Move Us Along the Environmental Kuznets Curve?," SIRE Discussion Papers 2009-24, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE).
- de Haan, Peter & Mueller, Michel G. & Peters, Anja, 2006. "Does the hybrid Toyota Prius lead to rebound effects? Analysis of size and number of cars previously owned by Swiss Prius buyers," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(3), pages 592-605, June.
- Turner, Karen & Hanley, Nick, 2011.
"Energy efficiency, rebound effects and the environmental Kuznets Curve,"
Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 709-720, September.
- Hanley, Nicholas & Turner, Karen, 2010. "Energy Efficiency, Rebound Effects and the Environmental Kuznets Curve," Stirling Economics Discussion Papers 2010-17, University of Stirling, Division of Economics.
- Jiang, Zhujun & Lin, Boqiang, 2012. "China's energy demand and its characteristics in the industrialization and urbanization process," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 608-615.
- Ma, Hengyun & Oxley, Les & Gibson, John, 2010.
"China's energy economy: A survey of the literature,"
Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 105-132, June.
- Hengyun Ma & Les Oxley, 2009. "China’s Energy Economy: A Survey of the Literature," Working Papers in Economics 09/02, University of Canterbury, Department of Economics and Finance.
- Colmenares, Gloria & Löschel, Andreas & Madlener, Reinhard, 2019. "The rebound effect and its representation in energy and climate models," CAWM Discussion Papers 106, University of Münster, Münster Center for Economic Policy (MEP).
- Lv, Yulan & Chen, Wei & Cheng, Jianquan, 2020. "Effects of urbanization on energy efficiency in China: New evidence from short run and long run efficiency models," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
- Chai, Jian & Guo, Ju-E & Wang, Shou-Yang & Lai, Kin Keung, 2009. "Why does energy intensity fluctuate in China?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 5717-5731, December.
- Wei Zhang & Jing Cheng & Xuemeng Liu & Zhangrong Zhu, 2023. "Heterogeneous industrial agglomeration, its coordinated development and total factor energy efficiency," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(6), pages 5511-5537, June.
- Janine De Fence & Maggie Koerth-Baker & Karen Turner & Cathy Xin Cui, 2011.
"The Rebound Effect: Some Questions Answered,"
Working Papers
1107, University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics.
- Koerth-Baker, Maggie & Turner, Karen & De Fence, Janine & Xin Cui, Cathy, 2011. "The Rebound Effect: Some Questions Answered," SIRE Discussion Papers 2011-17, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE).
- Makridou, Georgia & Andriosopoulos, Kostas & Doumpos, Michael & Zopounidis, Constantin, 2016. "Measuring the efficiency of energy-intensive industries across European countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 573-583.
- Weixin Yang & Lingguang Li, 2017. "Energy Efficiency, Ownership Structure, and Sustainable Development: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-26, June.
- Zhang, Jing & Deng, Shihuai & Shen, Fei & Yang, Xinyao & Liu, Guodong & Guo, Hang & Li, Yuanwei & Hong, Xiao & Zhang, Yanzong & Peng, Hong & Zhang, Xiaohong & Li, Li & Wang, Yingjun, 2011. "Modeling the relationship between energy consumption and economy development in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 4227-4234.
- Jin-Li Hu & Min-Yueh Chuang, 2023. "The Importance of Energy Prosumers for Affordable and Clean Energy Development: A Review of the Literature from the Viewpoints of Management and Policy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-16, August.
- Linnea Stenliden & Mikael Jern, 2011. "How Can We Study Learning with Geovisual Analytics Applied to Statistics?," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-20, December.
- Hang, Leiming & Tu, Meizeng, 2007. "The impacts of energy prices on energy intensity: Evidence from China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2978-2988, May.
- Li, Ke & Lin, Boqiang, 2015. "How does administrative pricing affect energy consumption and CO2 emissions in China?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 952-962.
- Lin, Boqiang & Liu, Xia, 2013. "Electricity tariff reform and rebound effect of residential electricity consumption in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 240-247.
- Bentzen, Jan, 2004. "Estimating the rebound effect in US manufacturing energy consumption," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 123-134, January.
- Liobikienė, Genovaitė & Butkus, Mindaugas, 2017. "The European Union possibilities to achieve targets of Europe 2020 and Paris agreement climate policy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 298-309.
- Jeroen Bergh, 2011. "Energy Conservation More Effective With Rebound Policy," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 48(1), pages 43-58, January.
- Gandhi, Oktoviano & Oshiro, Andre H. & Medeiros Costa, Hirdan Katarina de & Santos, Edmilson M., 2017. "Energy intensity trend explained for Sao Paulo state," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 1046-1054.
- Li, Wei & Sun, Wen & Li, Guomin & Jin, Baihui & Wu, Wen & Cui, Pengfei & Zhao, Guohao, 2018. "Transmission mechanism between energy prices and carbon emissions using geographically weighted regression," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 434-442.
- Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin & Klege, Rebecca A. & Adom, Philip K. & Amoah, Anthony & Hagan, Edmond, 2018.
"Unveiling the energy saving role of banking performance in Sub-Sahara Africa,"
Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 828-842.
- Anthony Amoah & ‪Edmond Hagan & ‪Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah & Philip K. Adom & Rebecca A. Klege, 2018. "Unveiling the Energy Saving Role of Banking Performance in Sub-Sahara Africa," Working Papers 744, Economic Research Southern Africa.
- Li, Ke & Lin, Boqiang, 2014. "The nonlinear impacts of industrial structure on China's energy intensity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 258-265.
- Chao Bi & Minna Jia & Jingjing Zeng, 2019. "Nonlinear Effect of Public Infrastructure on Energy Intensity in China: A Panel Smooth Transition Regression Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-21, January.
- Adom, Philip Kofi, 2015. "Asymmetric impacts of the determinants of energy intensity in Nigeria," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 570-580.
- Madlener, R. & Alcott, B., 2009. "Energy rebound and economic growth: A review of the main issues and research needs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 370-376.
- Blum, Bianca & Hübner, Julian & Müller, Sarah & Neumärker, Karl Justus Bernhard, 2018. "Challenges for sustainable environmental policy: Influencing factors of the rebound effect in energy efficiency improvements," The Constitutional Economics Network Working Papers 02-2018, University of Freiburg, Department of Economic Policy and Constitutional Economic Theory.
- Lin, Boqiang & Zhao, Hongli, 2016. "Technological progress and energy rebound effect in China׳s textile industry: Evidence and policy implications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 173-181.
- Mahmood, Arshad & Marpaung, Charles O.P., 2014. "Carbon pricing and energy efficiency improvement -- why to miss the interaction for developing economies? An illustrative CGE based application to the Pakistan case," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 87-103.
- Feng, Taiwen & Sun, Linyan & Zhang, Ying, 2009. "The relationship between energy consumption structure, economic structure and energy intensity in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 5475-5483, December.
- Santarius, Tilman & Soland, Martin, 2018. "How Technological Efficiency Improvements Change Consumer Preferences: Towards a Psychological Theory of Rebound Effects," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 414-424.
- Anson, Sam & Turner, Karen, 2009. "Rebound and disinvestment effects in refined oil consumption and supply resulting from an increase in energy efficiency in the Scottish commercial transport sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(9), pages 3608-3620, September.
- Bu, Caiqi & Zhang, Kaixia & Shi, Daqian & Wang, Shuyu, 2022. "Does environmental information disclosure improve energy efficiency?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
- Juan Manuel Candelo-Viafara & Andrés Felipe Oviedo-Gómez, 2020. "Efecto derrame del mercado internacional en las economías latinoamericanas: los casos de Chile, Brasil, Colombia y México," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, vol. 39(70), pages 107-138, July.
- Elliott, Robert J.R. & Sun, Puyang & Chen, Siyang, 2013. "Energy intensity and foreign direct investment: A Chinese city-level study," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 484-494.
- Müller-Fürstenberger, Georg & Stephan, Gunter, 2011. "What really matters: Discounting, technological change and sustainable climate," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(5), pages 978-987, March.
- Lin, Boqiang & Chen, Yu, 2020. "Will land transport infrastructure affect the energy and carbon dioxide emissions performance of China’s manufacturing industry?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
- Lin, Boqiang & Sai, Rockson, 2022. "Sustainable transitioning in Africa: A historical evaluation of energy productivity changes and determinants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
- Malmaeus, Mikael & Hasselström, Linus & Mellin, Anna & Nyblom, Åsa & Åkerman, Jonas, 2023. "Addressing rebound effects in transport policy – Insights from exploring five case studies," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 45-55.
- Feng Zhao & Yinyin Zhang & Majed Alharthi & Muhammad Wasif Zafar, 2022. "Environmental sustainability in developing countries: Understanding the criticality of financial inclusion and globalization," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(6), pages 1823-1837, December.
- Ahmann, Lara & Banning, Maximilian & Lutz, Christian, 2022. "Modeling rebound effects and counteracting policies for German industries," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
- William X. Wei & Dezhi Chen & Daiping Hu, 2016. "Study on the Evolvement of Technology Development and Energy Efficiency—A Case Study of the Past 30 Years of Development in Shanghai," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-21, May.
- Yang, Zhenbing & Hao, Chunyan & Shao, Shuai & Chen, Zhuo & Yang, Lili, 2022. "Appropriate technology and energy security: From the perspective of biased technological change," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).