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Klimakonferenz in Baku: Mehr Reziprozität in der internationalen Klimapolitik

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  • Gallier, Carlo
  • Ockenfels, Axel
  • Sturm, Bodo

Abstract

Das Pariser Klimaabkommen sieht vor, die globale Erderwärmung auf unter 2êC gegenüber dem vorindustriellen Niveau zu begrenzen. Eine Herausforderung, deren Erfolg von der internationalen Kooperation der Mitgliedsstaaten abhängt und noch in weiter Ferne liegt. In diesem Policy Brief zeigen wir, warum die internationale Klimapolitik stärker auf das Prinzip der Reziprozität setzen sollte, um erfolgreich zu sein. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass es dabei hilfreich sein kann, wenn die Mitgliedsstaaten in kürzeren Abständen über ihre Klimaschutzmaßnahmen entscheiden. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf einer Studie, die zwei Verhandlungsdesigns zur Förderung der globalen Klimakooperation untersucht: Den Ratchet-up-Mechanismus, der bereits Bestandteil des Pariser Abkommens ist und von den Staaten verlangt, ihre Klimaschutzmaßnahmen schrittweise zu erhöhen. Sowie einen aktuellen Politikvorschlag, der vorsieht, dass die Mitgliedsstaaten häufiger Beitragsentscheidungen treffen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein differenziertes Bild: Häufigere Interaktionen verbessern die Kooperation, aber der Ratchet-up-Mechanismus hat keinen positiven Effekt. Während häufigere Beitragsentscheidungen ein Umfeld schaffen, in dem gegenseitiges Vertrauen und Kooperation sicherer aufgebaut werden können, erhöht der Ratchet-up-Mechanismus sogar das Risiko, von Trittbrettfahrern übervorteilt zu werden. Die UN-Klimakonferenz in Baku sollte die Erkenntnisse der Kooperationsforschung stärker als bisher berücksichtigen und insbesondere das Verhandlungsdesign so verändern, dass Reziprozität erleichtert wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Gallier, Carlo & Ockenfels, Axel & Sturm, Bodo, 2024. "Klimakonferenz in Baku: Mehr Reziprozität in der internationalen Klimapolitik," ZEW policy briefs 20/2024, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewpbs:306294
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    Klimapolitik; Internationale Konferenz; Baku; Aserbaidschan;
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