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Lebenszufriedenheit im europäischen Vergleich

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  • Weller, Ingeborg

Abstract

Die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit als bilanzierendes Maß der Wohlfahrtsentwicklung steht im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung. Um Einblicke in den Stand unterschiedlicher Wohlfahrtsentwicklungen zu bekommen, wird gezeigt, wie sich die Lebenszufriedenheit in West- und Ostdeutschland entwickelt hat und wie diese Entwicklung im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern der Europäischen Union einzuordnen ist. Als Datenbasis für die Untersuchung der Lebenszufriedenheit in Europa dienen hier die Eurobarometer-Umfragen (EB). Da 1978 in Deutschland eigens zur Messung der individuellen Wohlfahrt und Lebensqualität der Wohlfahrtssurvey (Wfs) entwickelt wurde, werden zu Beginn einige Vergleiche zwischen den Ergebnissen des Wohlfahrtssurveys und den Daten für Deutschland im Eurobarometer für die in dieser Arbeit zentralen Indikatoren angestellt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird in besonderem Maße Bezug genommen auf das Phänomen, daß die Lebenszufriedenheit im zeitlichen Verlauf sowohl innerhalb der einzelnen Länder Europas sehr stabil ist wie auch der Abstand zwischen den einzelnen Ländern. Die in diesem Zusammenhang diskutierten Ursachen werden in einem Literaturüberblick veranschaulicht. Schließlich haben wir in der Tradition der Sozialindikatorenforschung versucht, den Erklärungsanteil von Personenmerkmalen an der gemessenen Lebenszufriedenheit zu untersuchen. Es stellte sich heraus, daß (1) die Höhe des Haushaltseinkommens, (2) die (subjektive) soziale Schicht und (3) der Erwerbsstatus die entscheidenden Variablen zur Vorhersage des subjektiven Wohlbefindens in den Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union sind. Das (4) Geschlecht, (5) die politischen oder (6) gesellschaftlichen Werte spielten dagegen fast keine Rolle. Wir konnten weiterhin zeigen, daß nicht nur die Lage der nationalen Ökonomien für das subjektive Wohlbefinden wichtig ist, sondern auch die persönlichen Ressourcen. Letzteres findet sich eher in wirtschaftlich weniger entwickelten Nationen. Überschattet wird dieses Ergebnis jedoch von der Tatsache, daß die Nation der Befragten den stärksten Prädiktor in unseren Analysen darstellt.

Suggested Citation

  • Weller, Ingeborg, 1996. "Lebenszufriedenheit im europäischen Vergleich," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Social Structure and Social Reporting FS III 96-402, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbssr:fsiii96402
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