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Das Geheimnis der Banken: Zum Einfluß von Organisationsstrukturen und Personalpolitiken deutscher und französischer Kreditinstitute im mittelständischen Unternehmensgeschäft

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  • Quack, Sigrid
  • Hildebrandt, Swen

Abstract

Trotz der Internationalisierung der Finanzmärkte variieren in Deutschland und Frankreich die Beziehungen zwischen Kreditinstituten und kleinen bzw. mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU). Während in Deutschland das 'Hausbanksystem' mit längerfristigen Beziehungen zwischen Banken und KMU dominiert, wird in Frankreich das Verhältnis als 'Lieferanten (Fournisseur)-Beziehung' von Finanzprodukten klassifiziert. Wie lassen sich diese Unterschiede erklären? In der vorrangig empirisch ausgerichteten Arbeit werden in einem ersten Schritt die jeweiligen Kontextbedingungen (Staatliche Regulierungen, öffentliche Förderung, Strukturen der Finanzsysteme und der Unternehmen) untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt der Studie steht dann aber die Analyse der Organisations- und Arbeitsstrukturen sowie der Personaleinsatzstrategien in den Kreditinstituten der beiden Länder. Die Organisations-, Arbeits- und Personalstrukturen tragen in mehrfacher Hinsicht zur Aufrechterhaltung der Hausbank- bzw. Fournisseur-Beziehung zwischen Banken und KMU bei. In Deutschland signalisiert die Einbeziehung betriebswirtschaftlicher Aspekte in die Kreditentscheidung eine größere Fachkompetenz, der interne Aufstieg gewährleistet mehr betriebliche Praxiserfahrung und die längere Verbleibdauer der Kundenberater ermöglicht eine längerfristige, persönliche Betreuung. In Frankreich hingegen wirkt die Ausrichtung der Kreditentscheidung auf finanzielle Informationen, die Rekrutierung sehr junger, vorwiegend bankfachlich qualifizierter Hochschulabsolventen der Entwicklung einer dauerhafteren, partnerschaftlicheren Beziehung zu KMU ebenso entgegen wie der häufige Betreuerwechsel und die damit verbundenen Informationsverluste. Für Bankmanager, Politiker und Wissenschaftler heißt dies: Trotz der in beiden Ländern im Zuge der Binnenmarktintegration zu beobachtenden Reorganisation des Bankensektors bestehen kaum Anzeichen für eine Konvergenz. Die Komplexität der institutionellen und innerorganisatorischen Bedingungen zeigt vielmehr, daß der Übertragbarkeit länderspezifischer Modelle der Beziehung zwischen französischen Banken und KMUs enge Grenzen gesetzt sind.

Suggested Citation

  • Quack, Sigrid & Hildebrandt, Swen, 1995. "Das Geheimnis der Banken: Zum Einfluß von Organisationsstrukturen und Personalpolitiken deutscher und französischer Kreditinstitute im mittelständischen Unternehmensgeschäft," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Organization and Employment FS I 95-103, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzboem:fsi95103
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    1. Quack, Sigrid & Hildebrandt, Swen, 1995. "Hausbank or Fournisseur? Bank services for small and medium sized enterprises in Germany and France," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Organization and Employment FS I 95-102, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    2. John R. Griffin, 1994. "Investment and Ownership in a Volatile Economy: Big Banks and the Case of the East German Economic Transition," Politics & Society, , vol. 22(3), pages 389-420, September.
    3. Wendy Carlin & Peter Richthofen, 1995. "Finance, economic development and the transition: the East German case," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 3(2), pages 169-195, June.
    4. Quack, Sigrid & O'Reilly, Jacqueline & Hildebrandt, Swen, 1995. "New patterns of recruitment and training in German, UK and French banks: An examination of the tensions between sectoral and national systems," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Organization and Employment FS I 95-101, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
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    1. Quack, Sigrid & Hildebrandt, Swen, 1995. "Hausbank or Fournisseur? Bank services for small and medium sized enterprises in Germany and France," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Organization and Employment FS I 95-102, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    2. Hancké, Bob, 1996. "Labour Unions, business co-ordination and economic adjustment in Western Europe, 1980-90," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Economic Change and Employment FS I 96-309, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

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