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Die sozialen Klassen im ethnisch heterogenen Milieu: Ein soziologischer Ansatz zur Erklärung der Unterschiede der Einkommensverteilung in den Ländern der Welt

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  • Haller, Max

Abstract

Die Einkommensverteilung innerhalb der verschiedenen Länder der Welt weist enorme Unterschiede auf. Diese Form der Ungleichheit bleibt im Zeitalter der Globalisierung zentral, da auf der Ebene des Staates die relevanten politischen Entscheidungen getroffen werden; die intranationale Ungleichheit nimmt neuerdings zu, während jene zwischen den Nationen kleiner wird. Es wird ein soziologischer Ansatz entwickelt, der ausgeht von der These, dass die Interaktion zwischen Klassenbildung/Schichtung und ethnischer Differenzierung entscheidend für die innerstaatliche Ungleichheit des Einkommens ist. Sie explodiert geradezu, wenn sich eine ethnische Klassenschichtung herausgebildet hat, d.h. soziale Klassen auch ethnisch voneinander differenziert sind. Anknüpfend an die Weber'sche Idee der Soziologie als Wirklichkeitswissenschaft wird argumentiert, dass die Vielfalt und Komplexität der Formen ethnischer Schichtung am besten dadurch zu erfassen ist, dass idealtypische Strategien und Schichtungsmuster herausgearbeitet werden, die in verschiedenen Regionen und Kulturen der Welt entwickelt worden sind. Dabei werden drei Grundformen unterschieden: Strategien zur Bewahrung bzw. Wiederherstellung ethnischer Homogenität, Strategien zur Kontrolle der Herausbildung ethnischer Heterogenität, und Strategien zur Etablierung der Herrschaft von Ethnoklassen. Im Lichte dieser Typologie finden die internationalen Differenzen in den nationalen Einkommensverteilungen eine plausible Erklärung.

Suggested Citation

  • Haller, Max, 2011. "Die sozialen Klassen im ethnisch heterogenen Milieu: Ein soziologischer Ansatz zur Erklärung der Unterschiede der Einkommensverteilung in den Ländern der Welt," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Inequality and Social Integration SP I 2011-210, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbisi:spi2011210
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    1. Ulrich Kohler & Frauke Kreuter, 2009. "Data Analysis using Stata, 2nd Edition," Stata Press books, StataCorp LP, number daus2, March.
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