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Globalisierung und die Verlagerung von Umweltbelastungen: Die Stoffströme des Handels der Europäischen Union

Author

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  • Schütz, Helmut
  • Moll, Stephan
  • Bringezu, Stefan

Abstract

Diese Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Globalisierung, also derZunahme der weltweiten Handelsverflechtungen, und ausgewählten ökologischenImplikationen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Nord-Süd-Konstellationen. Obgleich der weltweite Handel sich Mitte der 90er Jahre deutlich vom Weltwirtschaftswachstum abgehoben hat und seitdem nahezu dreimal schnelleransteigt als das Weltsozialprodukt, steigen ausgewählte weltweite Umweltbelastungsindikatoren in Form von Energieverbrauch und CO2-Emissionen nicht indem Maße an wie der Welthandel. Globalisierung führt offenbar nicht zu einem im gleichen Ausmaß ansteigenden globalen Umweltverbrauch. Im Rahmen einerderartigen Entkoppelung kann es jedoch hypothetisch zu Verlagerungen kommen. Derartige Verlagerungseffekte werden im vorliegenden Papier exemplarisch amBeispiel der globalen Stoffstromverflechtungen der Europäischen Union untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass im Verlauf der Globalisierung die EU-Länder vermehrt Umweltbelastungen in die Länder des Südens verlagert haben, vor allem in Formvon ökologischen Rucksäcken der Rohstoffimporte. Gleichzeitig wurde der Druckauf die inländische Umwelt in Form von Ressourcenabbauprozessen reduziert.Des Weiteren wurden vermehrt umweltbelastungsintensive Waren ausSchwellenländern und Entwicklungsländern importiert. Diese zeichnen sich durchemissionsseitige Umweltbelastungen in den jeweiligen Schwellenländern undEntwicklungsländern aus (industrielle Luft- und Wasseremissionen, Schwermetallemissionen). Dabei diente das verstärkt aus ausländischen Ressourcengedeckte Materialaufkommen in der EU weniger dem inländischen Konsum; eswurde vor allem zur Herstellung von Gütern für den Export verwendet, und zeigtsomit einen zunehmenden Beitrag der EU zum Ressourcenaufwand andererÖkonomien an. Das Papier leitet ab, dass bei einer Strategie der Ressourcen-Produktivitätssteigerung in Industrieländern, die internationale Dimension unbe-dingt zu berücksichtigen ist. Längerfristig sollte der Ressourcenverbrauch der EUauch in absoluten Mengen vermindert werden. Dies wäre auch erforderlich, umdie Umweltbelastungen durch Importe und Exporte zu vermindern.

Suggested Citation

  • Schütz, Helmut & Moll, Stephan & Bringezu, Stefan, 2003. "Globalisierung und die Verlagerung von Umweltbelastungen: Die Stoffströme des Handels der Europäischen Union," Wuppertal Papers 134, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wuppap:134
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bringezu, Stefan, 2002. "Towards sustainable resource management in the European Union," Wuppertal Papers 121, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.
    2. Andersson, Jan Otto & Lindroth, Mattias, 2001. "Ecologically unsustainable trade," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 113-122, April.
    3. Machado, Giovani & Schaeffer, Roberto & Worrell, Ernst, 2001. "Energy and carbon embodied in the international trade of Brazil: an input-output approach," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 409-424, December.
    4. Muradian, Roldan & O'Connor, Martin & Martinez-Alier, Joan, 2002. "Embodied pollution in trade: estimating the 'environmental load displacement' of industrialised countries," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 51-67, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Steger, Sören, 2005. "Der Flächenrucksack des europäischen Außenhandels mit Agrarprodukten," Wuppertal Papers 152, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.
    2. Linz, Manfred, 2004. "Weder Mangel noch Übermaß: Über Suffizienz und Suffizienzforschung," Wuppertal Papers 145, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.
    3. Annemarie Körfgen & Klaus Förster & Ingomar Glatz & Stephan Maier & Benedikt Becsi & Anna Meyer & Helga Kromp-Kolb & Johann Stötter, 2018. "It’s a Hit! Mapping Austrian Research Contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Dittrich, Monika, 2007. "Konzept für ein Handelssystem mit globaler Dematerialisierung und einer gerecht verteilten Ressourceninanspruchnahme als Zielsetzung," Wuppertal Papers 166, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.

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