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New Ecological Paradigm meets behavioral economics: On the relationship between environmental values and economic preferences

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  • Ziegler, Andreas

Abstract

Many studies examine the effect of environmental values on environmental behavior. In such empirical analyses it is typically at least implicitly assumed that environmental values are independent of economic preferences from behavioral economics like risk and time preferences, trust, or reciprocity, which play an important role for the explanation of indi-vidual behavior. This paper tests whether environmental values are related to economic preferences and examines possible consequences when independence is assumed. The data for this test stem from a large-scale computer-based survey among more than 3700 Ger-man citizens. Our indicators for environmental values are based on the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP), which is a standard instrument in the social and behavioral sciences and increasingly common in the economic literature. The econometric analysis with General-ized Poisson regression models reveals strong correlations between the NEP scales and economic preferences, which are based on established experimental measures: While so-cial preferences (measured in an incentivized dictator game) and positive reciprocity are significantly positively correlated, trust and (less robust) negative reciprocity are signifi-cantly negatively correlated with environmental values, respectively. Only risk and time preferences (also measured in an incentivized experiment) are not robustly significantly correlated with the NEP scales. These estimation results strongly recommend the addition-al inclusion of economic preferences and especially of social preferences, trust, and posi-tive and negative reciprocity in econometric analyses that use a NEP scale as explanatory factor for individual behavior since their non-consideration can lead to strong distortions due to omitted variable biases. This conclusion is illustrated in an empirical example that reveals biased estimation results for the effect of a NEP scale on donation activities if not all relevant economic preferences are included as control variables.

Suggested Citation

  • Ziegler, Andreas, 2019. "New Ecological Paradigm meets behavioral economics: On the relationship between environmental values and economic preferences," VfS Annual Conference 2019 (Leipzig): 30 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall - Democracy and Market Economy 203562, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:vfsc19:203562
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    Cited by:

    1. Fischbacher, Urs & Schudy, Simeon & Teyssier, Sabrina, 2021. "Heterogeneous preferences and investments in energy saving measures," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    2. Kretschmer, Sandra, 2024. "Carbon literacy – Can simple interventions help? Effect of information provision on emissions knowledge of private households," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    3. Groh, Elke D. & Ziegler, Andreas, 2020. "On the relevance of economic preferences, values, norms, and socio-demographics for electricity consumption," VfS Annual Conference 2020 (Virtual Conference): Gender Economics 224587, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Environmental values; New Ecological Paradigm (NEP); economic preferences; artefactual field experiments; Generalized Poisson regression models;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General
    • A13 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Social Values
    • C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics

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