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Risiken infolge von Technologie-Outsourcing?

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  • Stephan, Michael

Abstract

in großer Anteil der multinational tätigen Großunternehmen ist in technologieintensiven, dynamischen Branchen tätig und verfügt über ein breites Spektrum an technologischen Ressourcen. In den vergangenen Dekaden hat ein Großteil dieser Unternehmen zunehmend Wertschöpfungsleistungen an externen Zulieferer abgegeben. Unter Schlagworten wie 'Outsourcing', 'Refokussierung auf Kernkompetenzen' oder 'Dekonstruktion der Wertschöpfungskette' haben sich zahlreiche theoretische Abhandlungen und empirische Untersuchungen im Bereich des strategischen Managements sowie in der Industrieökonomik mit diesem Phänomen beschäftigt. Aus theoretischer Perspektive finden sich u. a. in der ressourcenbasierten Theorie der Unternehmung und in der Transaktionskostentheorie zahlreiche Erklärungsansätze für die Fremdvergabe von Wertschöpfungsleistungen an externe Zulieferer. Aus empirischer Sicht konnte der Trend zu einer verringerten Wertschöpfungstiefe branchenübergreifend festgestellt werden. Insbesondere in Industrien mit komplexen, systemisch geprägten Produkten, wie bspw. der Automobilindustrie, der Netzwerkausrüsterbranche (Telekommunikation), der Computerindustrie oder im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, ist dieser Trend zum Outsourcing' zu beobachten. Das vorliegende Diskussionspapier umfasst eine empirische Untersuchung der Auswirkungen Fremdvergabe von Wertschöpfungsleistungen an externe Zulieferer auf die Breite der technologischen Kompetenzbasis von Unternehmen. Die Untersuchung umfasst eine Stichprobe von insgesamt 50 multinationalen Unternehmen aus der Grundgesamtheit der Top-200 F&E betreibenden Unternehmen. Der Untersuchungszeitraum erstreckt sich auf insgesamt 20 Jahre im Zeitraum 1983-2002. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass sich während der letzten 20 Jahre die Breite des Technologieportfolios verstärkt von der Entwicklung der Wertschöpfungstiefe entkoppelt hat. Obwohl im Stichprobendurchschnitt die Werte für beide Kenngrößen zurückgegangen sind, war der Rückgang bei der Wertschöpfungstiefe mit 15 Prozent deutlich stärker als der Rückgang des Technologiespektrums (-3,03 Prozent). Diese Entkopplung kann in der multiplen Regressionsanalyse bestätigt werden: Der Grad der vertikalen Spezialisierung hat keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die zu erklärende Variable. Damit lässt sich die im Beitrag aufgeworfene Fragestellung beantworten: Die Fremdvergabe von Wertschöpfungsleistungen an externe Zulieferer geht nicht mit dem Abbau der technologischen Kompetenzbasis einher.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephan, Michael, 2007. "Risiken infolge von Technologie-Outsourcing?," SFB 649 Discussion Papers 2007-047, Humboldt University Berlin, Collaborative Research Center 649: Economic Risk.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:sfb649:sfb649dp2007-047
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Outsourcing; Technologieportfolio; Internationalisierung; Produktdiversifikation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L23 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Organization of Production
    • L24 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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