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Das deutsche Mindestlohngesetz: Eine erste ökonomische Bewertung

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  • Lesch, Hagen
  • Mayer, Alexander
  • Schmid, Lisa

Abstract

Von der Einführung eines gesetzlichen Mindestlohns zum 1. Januar 2015 dürften etwa 13,7 Prozent aller Arbeitnehmer - das sind 4,6 Millionen - betroffen sein. Im Osten sind fast doppelt so viele Arbeitnehmer betroffen wie im Westen. Um die Eingriffsintensität auf das westdeutsche Niveau zu senken, dürfte der Mindestlohn im Osten lediglich 7,00 Euro je Stunde betragen. Der Mindestlohn bedeutet demnach vor allem für den Osten einen signifikanten Arbeitsmarkteingriff, der mit großen beschäftigungspolitischen Risiken einhergeht. Erfahrungen aus Frankreich und dem Vereinigten Königreich zeigen, dass ein moderaterer Einstieg sinnvoll gewesen wäre. Umso mehr kommt es darauf an, für Problemgruppen des Arbeitsmarktes Ausnahmeregelungen vorzusehen. Hier muss der Gesetzesentwurf der Bundesregierung nachbessern. Jugendliche ohne abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung sollten erst ab der Vollendung des 21. Lebensjahres Anspruch auf den gesetzlichen Mindestlohn haben. Noch besser wäre es, alle Berufseinsteiger ohne Berufsabschluss vom Mindestlohn auszunehmen. Das gilt auch für alle Langzeitarbeitslosen. Ohne solche Ausnahmen wird die Bundesregierung mittelfristig gezwungen sein, den Mindestlohn zu subventionieren. Die französischen Erfahrungen zeigen, dass dies erhebliche finanzielle Mittel notwendig macht. Nachbesserungsbedarf am Gesetzesentwurf gibt es auch bei der Mindestlohnanpassung. Die Mindestlohnkommission sollte sich nicht nur nachlaufend an der Tarifentwicklung orientieren, sondern auch an der Arbeitsmarktund Konjunkturentwicklung. Grundlage einer Empfehlung sollte stets eine wissenschaftliche Evaluierung der Mindestlohnwirkungen sein. Dies sollte im Mindestlohngesetz verankert werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Lesch, Hagen & Mayer, Alexander & Schmid, Lisa, 2014. "Das deutsche Mindestlohngesetz: Eine erste ökonomische Bewertung," IW policy papers 4/2014, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwkpps:42014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kramarz, Francis & Philippon, Thomas, 2001. "The impact of differential payroll tax subsidies on minimum wage employment," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(1), pages 115-146, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marco Caliendo & Alexandra Fedorets & Malte Preuss & Carsten Schröder & Linda Wittbrodt, 2017. "The Short-Term Distributional Effects of the German Minimum Wage Reform," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 948, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    2. Joachim Möller & Karl Brenke & Gert Wagner & Thorsten Schulten & Gustav Horn & Hagen Lesch & Alexander Mayer & Lisa Schmid & Patrick Arni & Werner Eichhorst & Alexander Spermann & Klaus Zimmermann, 2014. "Das Mindestlohngesetz — Hoffnungen und Befürchtungen," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 94(6), pages 387-406, June.
    3. Caliendo Marco & Wittbrodt Linda & Schröder Carsten, 2019. "The Causal Effects of the Minimum Wage Introduction in Germany – An Overview," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 20(3), pages 257-292, August.
    4. Bosch, Gerhard & Weinkopf, Claudia, 2014. "Zur Einführung des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns von 8,50 € in Deutschland," Arbeitspapiere 304, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf.
    5. Marco Caliendo & Alexandra Fedorets & Malte Preuss & Carsten Schröder & Linda Wittbrodt, 2023. "The short- and medium-term distributional effects of the German minimum wage reform," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 1149-1175, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Arbeitslosigkeit; Mindestlohn;

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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