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Allokationseffekte rechtlich-institutioneller Regelungen der Meeresnutzung

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  • Prewo, Wilfried

Abstract

In dieser Studie werden ordnungspolitische Alternativen der Meeresnutzung bewertet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Allokationsaspekten der auf der UN-Seerechtskonferenz erwogenen Regelungen der marinen Ressourcennutzung. Fischerei und Tiefseebergbau werden davon am stärksten betroffen. Die Analysen führen zu dem Schluß, daß das Regelkonzept der Seerechtskonferenz Allokationseffizienz nicht gewährleisten kann. Ausgehend von allokationstheoretischen Erwägungen und der Theorie der property rights werden zunächst ordnungspolitische Rahmenbedingungen für effiziente marine Ressourcennutzung entwickelt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß effiziente Fischbewirtschaftung einen internationalen Regelungsansatz verlangt, der zur fiskalischen Korrektur externer Effekte eine gebietlich extensive Schaffung von Hoheitsrechten verlangt. Hingegen müßte die Regelung der Rohstoffnutzung in der Tiefssee auf eine Abgrenzung der Schürfrechte und Vorbeugungsmaßnahmen für mögliche, aber nicht wahrscheinliche negative Umwelteinflüsse beschränkt sein. Der dafür ausreichende institutionelle Aufwand wäre minimal. Mit diesen Referenzschemata werden die Regelkonzepte verglichen, die von einer Mehrheit der Staaten auf der UN-Seerechtskonferenz gefordert werden. Da effiziente Nutzung der lebenden marinen Ressourcen unter dem früher geltenden Prinzip der Freiheit der Meere weitgehend unmöglich ist, enthält das neue Fischereirecht durchaus einen hoffnungsvollen Aspekt, weil es mit der Einführung von 200-Meilen-Zonen steuerliche Hoheitsrechte schafft. Die neue Lösung bleibt dennoch mangelhaft, weil sie Hoheitsrechte nach nationalen Gesichtspunkten parzelliert und den Inhalt der Hoheitsrechte nicht auf effizienzfordernde Maßnahmen (Besteuerung) beschränkt. Zur Regelung der Ressourcennutzung in der Tiefsee folgt der Entwurf der Seerechtskonferenz den ordnungspolitischen Vorstellungen einer Neuen Welt Wirtschaftsordnung. Die Bestimmungen des vorgesehenen Zugangs- und Produktionsdirigismus schließen Allokationseffizienz aus, wenn sie nicht gar einen zukünftigen Tiefseebergbau von vornherein verhindern.

Suggested Citation

  • Prewo, Wilfried, 1979. "Allokationseffekte rechtlich-institutioneller Regelungen der Meeresnutzung," Kiel Working Papers 90, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:90
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