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Regional Inequality of Higher Education Resources in China

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  • Liu, Wan-Hsin
  • Ma, Ru

Abstract

With the expansion of the higher education system in China since the late 1990s, questions on the distribution of higher education opportunities and resources have attracted increasing attention from academics, policymakers and the general public. While there have been an increasing number of studies on the development of higher education opportunity equality in China, quantitative, systematic research on the distribution of higher education resources across China is still rather limited. This paper aims at filling this gap. It provides quantitative and comprehensive evidence on the development of the distribution of higher education resources across Chinese provinces. The analysis is based on a provincial panel dataset and uses a generalised Theil index to measure inequality. Results show that higher education resources have been far from equally provided in relation to the provincial student sizes in China. The unequal distribution has even become more pronounced over the past decade. In other words, even if high school students have an increasingly equal access to higher education in China (Bickenbach and Liu, 2013a), the increasingly unequal distribution of higher education resources makes it difficult for university students to equally benefit from higher education.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Wan-Hsin & Ma, Ru, 2018. "Regional Inequality of Higher Education Resources in China," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 235203, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:235203
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    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/235203/1/2018-accepted-version-Regional-Inequality-of-Higher.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. G. M.P. Swann, 2009. "The Economics of Innovation," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 13211.
    2. Philippe Aghion & Richard Blundell & Rachel Griffith & Peter Howitt & Susanne Prantl, 2009. "The Effects of Entry on Incumbent Innovation and Productivity," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 91(1), pages 20-32, February.
    3. Zoltán J. Ács & Pontus Braunerhjelm & David B. Audretsch & Bo Carlsson, 2015. "The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship," Chapters, in: Global Entrepreneurship, Institutions and Incentives, chapter 7, pages 129-144, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Zhong, Hai, 2011. "Returns to higher education in China: What is the role of college quality?," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 260-275, June.
    5. Frank Bickenbach & Eckhardt Bode, 2008. "Disproportionality Measures of Concentration, Specialization, and Localization," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 31(4), pages 359-388, October.
    6. Thomas, Vinod & Wang, Yan & Fan, Xibo, 2001. "Measuring education inequality - Gini coefficients of education," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2525, The World Bank.
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    Cited by:

    1. Güneş Aşık & Ulaş Karakoç & Şevket Pamuk, 2023. "Regional inequalities and the West–East divide in Turkey since 1913," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 76(4), pages 1305-1332, November.
    2. Yong Han & Ruixing Ni & Junbo Gao, 2023. "Regional Inequality of Higher Education Development in China: Comprehensive Evaluation and Geographical Representation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-13, January.
    3. Changfeng Xue & Tianping Yang & Muhammad Umair, 2023. "Approaches and Reforms in Undergraduate Education for Integration of Major and General Education: A Comparative Study among Teaching, Teaching—Research, and Research Universities in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, January.

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