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Zur Qualität von Konjunkturprognosen für Westdeutschland 1976-1994

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  • Döpke, Jörg
  • Langfeldt, Enno

Abstract

Konjunkturprognosen sind besser als ihr Ruf. Die Prognosen des Instituts für Weltwirtschaft wie auch die des Sachverständigenrats zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und die der Gemeinschaftsdiagnose der sechs führenden Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitute weisen — entgegen immer wieder geäußerten Vermutungen — deutlich geringere Fehler auf als naive Prognosen. Der Prognosefehler ist ähnlich hoch wie bei Prognosen in den Vereinigten Staaten. Es kann mit ökonometrischen Methoden nicht nachgewiesen werden, daß die Informationen, die zum Prognosezeitpunkt zur Verfügung standen, nicht in die Prognosen eingegangen sind. Dennoch läßt sich eine Systematik bei den Prognosefehlern feststellen: In Abschwüngen wird das Wirtschaftswachstum überschätzt, in den ersten Aufschwungsjahren unterschätzt. Bei der Analyse der Prognosefehler muß bedacht werden, daß die Vorhersagen bedingte Prognosen sind, also auf einem Satz von Annahmen über wichtige Rahmenbedingungen beruhen. Die Analyse der Annahmen ergibt, daß insbesondere die Wechselkursentwicklung und die Auslandskonjunktur eine Quelle für Prognosefehler sind. Nutzer von Konjunkturprognosen können den Informationsgewinn aus den Vorhersagen erhöhen, wenn sie auf den prognostizierten Verlauf der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung anstatt nur auf den jahresdurchschnittlichen Zuwachs achten. Anbieter von Prognosen können dies erleichtern, indem sie beispielsweise vierteljährliche Prognosen zur Verfügung stellen und die Annahmen ihrer Vorhersagen explizit und wo immer möglich quantitativ offenlegen. Konjunkturprognosen könnten dadurch verbessert werden, daß empirische Techniken verstärkt eingesetzt werden, wobei sich verschiedene Ansätze wie Frühindikatoren und ökonometrische Verfahren ergänzen können. Auch sollten die Reaktionsfunktionen wirtschaftspolitischer Entscheidungsträger künftig mehr in den Prognoseprozeß einbezogen werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Döpke, Jörg & Langfeldt, Enno, 1995. "Zur Qualität von Konjunkturprognosen für Westdeutschland 1976-1994," Kiel Discussion Papers 247, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkdp:247
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stekler, H. O., 1991. "Macroeconomic forecast evaluation techniques," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 375-384, November.
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    4. Zarnowitz, Victor, 1992. "Business Cycles," National Bureau of Economic Research Books, University of Chicago Press, number 9780226978901, September.
    5. van Suntum, Ulrich, 1991. "Konjunkturprognosen: Besser als ihr Ruf," Wirtschaftsdienst – Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik (1949 - 2007), ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 71(7), pages 365-368.
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    7. Boss, Alfred & Döpke, Jörg & Fischer, Malte & Krämer, Jörg W. & Langfeldt, Enno & Schatz, Klaus-Werner, 1994. "Bundesrepublik Deutschland: wirtschaftliche Aktivität belebt sich trotz Konsumschwäche," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 1604, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
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    Cited by:

    1. Ulrich FRITSCHE & Vladimir KOUZINE, 2010. "Prediction of Business Cycle Turning Points in Germany," EcoMod2004 330600054, EcoMod.

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