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Nachsitzen in der Uruguay-Runde: zu viele Streitpunkte, zu wenig Ergebnisse

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  • Langhammer, Rolf J.

Abstract

Das Scheitern der GATT-Ministerratstagung in Brüssel im Dezember 1990 hat einen eklatanten Fehlschlag von vier Jahren Handelsdiplomatie offenbart. Zu diesem Ergebnis gelangt, wer Anspruch und Realität der Uruguay-Runde nicht nur am Agrarsektor — der Ist-Bruchstelle des Brüsseler Treffens — mißt, sondern alle anderen Verhandlungsbereiche mit in eine Zwischenbilanz einbezieht. Nur in wenigen Bereichen der Verhandlungen wurden weitgehende Übereinstimmungen erziehlt. Darüber hinaus ergaben die Verhandlungen in den fünfzehn Verhandlungsgruppen der Uruguay-Runde - eine Vielzahl von konträren Detailpositionen in an sich gemeinsamen Abkommensentwürfen, - inoffizielle Kompromißvorschläge in den Bereichen, in denen man sich nicht auf Abkommensentwürfe einigen konnte (bei der Landwirtschaft und den Dienstleistungen), - diametral entgegengesetzte Abkommensentwürfe von Mitgliedergruppen (beim Schutz geistigen Eigentums) und - völlige Fehlanzeigen (bei den handelrelevanten Investitionsvorschriften). Der Agrarsektor war und ist der Dreh- und Angelpunkt der Uruguay-Runde. Dies liegt sowohl am Ausmaß der Interventionen in diesem Sektor, als auch an stabilen Interessenkoalitionen und an der quantitativen Vergleichbarkeit von Liberalisierungsangeboten sowie nicht zuletzt am Auseinanderklaffen der Angebote. Im Falle eines endgültigen Scheiterns läge der Schwarze Peter bei der EG, da die Zustimmung des amerikanischen Kongresses zur Verlängerung des Verhandlungsmandats für den Präsidenten an die Erwartung geknüpft wurde, die EG werde ein deutlich besseres Angebot im Agrarsektor vorlegen. • Die Uruguay-Runde litt an thematischer Überfrachtung. Eine Konzentration auf essentielle Herausforderungen an die Welthandelsordnung fand bislang nicht statt. Die Runde hätte sich beispielsweise schwerpunktmäßig mit der zunehmenden Ungleichbehandlung im Welthandel, d. h. der Abkehr vom Meistbegünstigungsgebot des GATT beschäftigen sollen. Statt dessen setzte sie weder der Sonderbehandlung der Entwicklungsländer noch den bilateralen Freihandelsabkommen klare Grenzen.

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  • Langhammer, Rolf J., 1991. "Nachsitzen in der Uruguay-Runde: zu viele Streitpunkte, zu wenig Ergebnisse," Kiel Discussion Papers 170, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkdp:170
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    Cited by:

    1. Peter Nunnenkamp, 1992. "The world economy at the crossroads," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics;Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), vol. 27(5), pages 237-240, September.
    2. Laaser, Claus-Friedrich & Schrader, Klaus, 1992. "Zur Reintegration der baltischen Staaten in die Weltwirtschaft," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 1526, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    3. Nunnenkamp Peter, 1993. "Worüber die Wirtschaft klagt und wofür sie selbst verantwortlich ist: Unfähige Politik, unternehmerische Prinzipienlosigkeit und der Standort Bundesrepublik," Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 42(1-3), pages 273-294, April.
    4. Nunnenkamp, Peter, 1993. "Handelspolitischer Kompensationsbedarf aufgrund des EG-Binnenmarktprogramms," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 1569, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    5. Nunnenkamp, Peter, 1993. "The world trading system at the crossroads: multilateral trade negotiations in the era of regionalism," Kiel Discussion Papers 204, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    6. Langhammer, Rolf J., 1993. "Die Handelspolitik der EG nach 1992: Die "Integrationsdividende" in Gefahr," Kiel Discussion Papers 214, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    7. Langhammer, Rolf J., 1994. "Nach dem Ende der Uruguay-Runde: Das GATT am Ende?," Kiel Discussion Papers 228, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

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