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Marktintegration und landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung: Lehren aus der Wirtschaftsgeschichte und Entwicklungsökonomie für den russischen Getreidemarkt im Transformationsprozeß

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  • Kopsidis, Michael

Abstract

Der ökonomische und politische Desintegrationsprozeß innerhalb der Russischen Föderation führte zwischen 1990 und 1994 zu einer Halbierung des überregionalen innerrussischen Getreidehandels und deutlichen Rückgängen in der Erzeugung. Aus der europäischen Wirtschaftsgeschichte und den Erfahrungen zahlreicher Entwicklungsländer ergibt sich, daß zwischen der Entstehung von Binnenmärkten und anhaltendem agrarischem Wachstum ein enger Zusammenhang besteht. Viele europäische Volkswirtschaften und Staaten der Dritten Welt hatten dabei im Prozeß der Entfaltung hochintegrierter Agrarbinnenmärkte mit ähnlichen Problemen zu kämpfen, wie sie gegenwärtig in der Russischen Föderation vorliegen. Eine Analyse abgeschlossener marktorientierter Transformationsprozesse kann Hinweise auf Lösungsstrategien geben und erleichtert das Verständnis hochkomplexer Integrationsprozesse. Hierbei wird deutlich, daß ordnungspolitische Reformen bzw. eine Deregulierung des Agrarhandels erst positive Auswirkungen auf die landwirtschaftliche Produktion ausüben können, wenn ein massiver Ausbau der Infrastruktur erfolgt. Solche Reformen und die landesweite Modernisierung der Infrastruktur lassen sich allerdings nur durchführen, wenn es der Zentralgewalt gelingt, eine marktkonforme gesamtrussische Wirtschafts- und Agrarpolitik gegen partikularistische und marktfeindliche Tendenzen in vielen Oblasten und Republiken durchzusetzen. Da die Entstehung großräumig operierender privater Vermarktungsinstitutionen von wirtschaftlich potenten Ballungsräumen ausgeht, stellt die zunehmende Versorgung dieser wichtigen Nachfragemärkte über Importe keinen konstruktiven Beitrag für die Entwicklung innerrussischer Vermarktungsstrukturen dar. Gleichzeitig wird ber deutlich, daß das Haupthindernis für den Aufbau eines funktionierenden Agrarbinnenmarktes in der Reformunwilligkeit des gesamten russischen Agrarsektors und nicht in ausländischen Einflüssen begründet liegt.

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  • Kopsidis, Michael, 1997. "Marktintegration und landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung: Lehren aus der Wirtschaftsgeschichte und Entwicklungsökonomie für den russischen Getreidemarkt im Transformationsprozeß," IAMO Discussion Papers 5, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iamodp:14917
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