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Determinants of German Foreign Direct Investment in Latin American and Asian Emerging Markets in the 1990s

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  • Wezel, Torsten

Abstract

Many empirical studies in the area of foreign direct investment (FDI) exclusively focus on flows between industrialized countries. This article makes a contribution to the still relatively sparse literature on FDI in emerging markets by estimating determinants of German FDI flows to Latin America and Asia during the past decade. Using data contained in a newly available Bundesbank microdatabase, an FDI flow variable, constructed from year-to-year differences in FDI stocks adjusted for certain otherwise distorting factors, is empirically tested with respect to several exogenous variables previously found to be significant in the literature. These include so-called non-traditional factors such as country risk and agglomeration effects which are widely regarded as influential for FDI in emerging market economies. This study therefore focuses on estimating the effects of various risk measures and finds that country risk, and partially political risk, is indeed detrimental to investments of German enterprises. Moreover, German FDI in Latin America are found to have been market-seeking while those in emerging Asia tended to exploit low factor costs. Methodically, this paper uses the SUR estimation technique which allows for the contemporaneous correlation of disturbances as well as first-order autocorrelation of the time series disturbances and cross-sectional heteroskedasticity. In arriving at a parsimonious regression for each region, an Extreme Bounds Analysis (Leamer, 1983 & 1985) is performed to select individual variables robust to the inclusion of other explanatory variables. Making empirical use of German firm-level data, additional estimations are performed for direct investment of the manufacturing sector and three of its sub-sectors. Regarding the latter, the hypothesis that capital-intensive industries react particularly strongly to the changes in the regulatory environment of the host country is confirmed by the data.

Suggested Citation

  • Wezel, Torsten, 2003. "Determinants of German Foreign Direct Investment in Latin American and Asian Emerging Markets in the 1990s," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2003,11, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:bubdp1:4208
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert E. Lipsey, 2002. "Home and Host Country Effects of FDI," NBER Working Papers 9293, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    Cited by:

    1. J. François Outreville, 2008. "Foreign Affiliates of the Largest Insurance Groups: Location‐Specific Advantages," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 75(2), pages 463-491, June.
    2. Manop Udomkerdmongkol & Holger Görg & Oliver Morrissey, 2006. "Foreign Direct Investment And Exchange Rates: A Case Study Of U.S. Fdi In Emerging Market Countries," Discussion Papers 06/05, University of Nottingham, School of Economics.
    3. Buch, Claudia M. & Kleinert, Jörn & Toubal, Farid, 2003. "Where Enterprises Lead, People Follow? Links between Migration and German FDI," Kiel Working Papers 1190, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    4. K. Bello Ajide & Ibrahim Dolapo Raheem, 2016. "Institutions-FDI Nexus in ECOWAS Countries," Journal of African Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 319-341, September.
    5. Eva Rytter Sunesen, 2009. "Examining the Regional Aspect of Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries," Discussion Papers 09-02, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics.
    6. Turan Subasat & Sotirios Bellos, 2013. "Governance and foreign direct investment in Latin America: A panel gravity model approach," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 50(1), pages 107-131, May.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    foreign direct investment; emerging markets; country risk; panel data analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements

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