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Comparison of ARIMA, ETS, NNAR and hybrid models to forecast the second wave of COVID-19 hospitalizations in Italy

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  • Perone, G.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe ongoing novel pandemic that has emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of October 13, the outbreak has spread rapidly across the world, affecting over 38 million people, and causing over 1 million deaths. In this article, I analysed several time series forecasting methods to predict the spread of COVID-19 second wave in Italy, over the period after October 13, 2020. I used an autoregressive model (ARIMA), an exponential smoothing state space model (ETS), a neural network autoregression model (NNAR), and the following hybrid combinations of them: ARIMA-ETS, ARIMA-NNAR, ETS-NNAR, and ARIMA-ETS-NNAR. About the data, I forecasted the number of patients hospitalized with mild symptoms, and in intensive care units (ICU). The data refer to the period February 21, 2020– October 13, 2020 and are extracted from the website of the Italian Ministry of Health (www.salute.gov.it). The results show that i) the hybrid models, except for ARIMA-ETS, are better at capturing the linear and non-linear epidemic patterns, by outperforming the respective single models; and ii) the number of COVID-19-related hospitalized with mild symptoms and in ICU will rapidly increase in the next weeks, by reaching the peak in about 50-60 days, i.e. in mid-December 2020, at least. To tackle the upcoming COVID-19 second wave it is necessary to enhance social distancing, hire healthcare workers and implement sufficient hospital facilities, protective equipment, and ordinary and intensive care beds.

Suggested Citation

  • Perone, G., 2020. "Comparison of ARIMA, ETS, NNAR and hybrid models to forecast the second wave of COVID-19 hospitalizations in Italy," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 20/18, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    • Handle: RePEc:yor:hectdg:20/18
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maria Victoria Ibañez & Marina Martínez-Garcia & Amelia Simó, 2021. "A Review of Spatiotemporal Models for Count Data in R Packages. A Case Study of COVID-19 Data," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(13), pages 1-23, July.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; outbreak; second wave; Italy; hybrid forecasting models; ARIMA; ETS; NNAR.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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