IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/wrk/warwec/1211.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The Night and Day of Amihud’s (2002) Liquidity Measure

Author

Listed:
  • Barardehi, Yashar H.

    (Argyros School of Business & Economics, Chapman University)

  • Bernhardt, Dan

    (University of Illinois & University of Warwick)

  • Ruchti, Thomas G.

    (Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University)

  • Weidenmier, Marc

    (Argyros School of Business & Economics, Chapman University and NBER.)

Abstract

Amihud’s (2002) stock (il)liquidity measure averages the daily ratio of absolute closeto-close return to dollar volume, including overnight returns, while trading volumes come from regular trading hours. Our modified measure addresses this mis-match by using open-to-close returns. It better explains cross-sections of returns, doubling estimated liquidity premia over 1964–2017. Using non-synchronous trading near close as an instrument reveals that overnight returns are primarily information-driven and orthogonal to price impacts of trading. Thus, including them in liquidity proxies magnifies measurement error, understating liquidity premia. Our modification especially matters when applications in finance and accounting render use of intraday data infeasible/undesirable.

Suggested Citation

  • Barardehi, Yashar H. & Bernhardt, Dan & Ruchti, Thomas G. & Weidenmier, Marc, 2019. "The Night and Day of Amihud’s (2002) Liquidity Measure," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1211, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:wrk:warwec:1211
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/workingpapers/2019/twerp_1211_bernhardt.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kathleen M. Kahle & René M. Stulz, 2017. "Is the US Public Corporation in Trouble?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 31(3), pages 67-88, Summer.
    2. Lipson, Marc L. & Mortal, Sandra, 2009. "Liquidity and capital structure," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 611-644, November.
    3. Atchison, Michael D & Butler, Kirt C & Simonds, Richard R, 1987. "Nonsynchronous Security Trading and Market Index Autocorrelation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(1), pages 111-118, March.
    4. repec:oup:rfinst:v:21:y:2017:i:4:p:1355-1401. is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Kingsley Y. L. Fong & Craig W. Holden & Charles A. Trzcinka, 2017. "What Are the Best Liquidity Proxies for Global Research?," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 21(4), pages 1355-1401.
    6. Lee, Kuan-Hui, 2011. "The world price of liquidity risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(1), pages 136-161, January.
    7. Mitchell A. Petersen, 2009. "Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(1), pages 435-480, January.
    8. Anand, Amber & Irvine, Paul & Puckett, Andy & Venkataraman, Kumar, 2013. "Institutional trading and stock resiliency: Evidence from the 2007–2009 financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(3), pages 773-797.
    9. Michael J. Barclay, 2003. "Price Discovery and Trading After Hours," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 16(4), pages 1041-1073.
    10. Asparouhova, Elena & Bessembinder, Hendrik & Kalcheva, Ivalina, 2010. "Liquidity biases in asset pricing tests," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 215-237, May.
    11. Xiaoxia Lou & Tao Shu, 2017. "Price Impact or Trading Volume: Why Is the Amihud (2002) Measure Priced?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(12), pages 4481-4520.
    12. Chen, Zhihong & Huang, Yuan & Kusnadi, Yuanto & John Wei, K.C., 2017. "The real effect of the initial enforcement of insider trading laws," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 687-709.
    13. Lang, Mark & Stice-Lawrence, Lorien, 2015. "Textual analysis and international financial reporting: Large sample evidence," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(2), pages 110-135.
    14. Brennan, Michael J. & Chordia, Tarun & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 1998. "Alternative factor specifications, security characteristics, and the cross-section of expected stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 345-373, September.
    15. Acharya, Viral V. & Pedersen, Lasse Heje, 2005. "Asset pricing with liquidity risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2), pages 375-410, August.
    16. Sadka, Ronnie, 2006. "Momentum and post-earnings-announcement drift anomalies: The role of liquidity risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(2), pages 309-349, May.
    17. Amihud, Yakov & Hameed, Allaudeen & Kang, Wenjin & Zhang, Huiping, 2015. "The illiquidity premium: International evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(2), pages 350-368.
    18. Amihud, Yakov, 2002. "Illiquidity and stock returns: cross-section and time-series effects," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 31-56, January.
    19. Charles Cao & Eric Ghysels & Frank Hatheway, 2000. "Price Discovery without Trading: Evidence from the Nasdaq Preopening," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 1339-1365, June.
    20. Chordia, Tarun & Roll, Richard & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 2000. "Commonality in liquidity," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 3-28, April.
    21. Barclay, Michael J. & Hendershott, Terrence, 2008. "A comparison of trading and non-trading mechanisms for price discovery," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 839-849, December.
    22. Ben-Rephael, Azi & Kadan, Ohad & Wohl, Avi, 2015. "The Diminishing Liquidity Premium," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 50(1-2), pages 197-229, April.
    23. Elena Asparouhova & Hendrik Bessembinder & Ivalina Kalcheva, 2013. "Noisy Prices and Inference Regarding Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(2), pages 665-714, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zeynep Cobandag Guloglu & Cumhur Ekinci, 2022. "Liquidity measurement: A comparative review of the literature with a focus on high frequency," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(1), pages 41-74, February.
    2. Ee, Mong Shan & Hasan, Iftekhar & Huang, He, 2022. "Stock liquidity and corporate labor investment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    3. Kim, Jinyong & Kim, Yongsik, 2023. "Which stock price component drives the Amihud illiquidity premium?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    4. Teplova, Tamara & Sokolova, Tatiana & Kissa, David, 2023. "Revealing stock liquidity determinants by means of explainable AI: The role of ESG before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    5. Sifat, Imtiaz & Zarei, Alireza & Hosseini, Seyedmehdi & Bouri, Elie, 2022. "Interbank liquidity risk transmission to large emerging markets in crisis periods," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Stereńczak, Szymon & Zaremba, Adam & Umar, Zaghum, 2020. "Is there an illiquidity premium in frontier markets?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    2. Saad, Mohsen & Samet, Anis, 2017. "Liquidity and the implied cost of equity capital," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 15-38.
    3. Craig W. Holden & Stacey Jacobsen & Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, 2014. "The Empirical Analysis of Liquidity," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 8(4), pages 263-365, December.
    4. Wu, Ying, 2019. "Asset pricing with extreme liquidity risk," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 143-165.
    5. Karstanje, Dennis & Sojli, Elvira & Tham, Wing Wah & van der Wel, Michel, 2013. "Economic valuation of liquidity timing," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 5073-5087.
    6. Ma, Xiuli & Zhang, Xindong & Liu, Weimin, 2021. "Further tests of asset pricing models: Liquidity risk matters," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 255-273.
    7. Amihud, Yakov & Hameed, Allaudeen & Kang, Wenjin & Zhang, Huiping, 2015. "The illiquidity premium: International evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(2), pages 350-368.
    8. Yakov Amihud & Haim Mendelson, 2015. "The Pricing of Illiquidity as a Characteristic and as Risk," Multinational Finance Journal, Multinational Finance Journal, vol. 19(3), pages 149-168, September.
    9. Mousumi Bhattacharya & Sharad Nath Bhattacharya & Sumit Kumar Jha, 2022. "Does time-varying illiquidity matter for the Indian stock market? Evidence from high-frequency data," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 47(2), pages 251-272, May.
    10. Szymon Stereńczak, 2020. "State-Dependent Stock Liquidity Premium: The Case of the Warsaw Stock Exchange," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-24, March.
    11. Kim, Jinyong & Kim, Yongsik, 2019. "Transitory prices, resiliency, and the cross-section of stock returns," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 243-256.
    12. Kale, Jayant R. & Loon, Yee Cheng, 2011. "Product market power and stock market liquidity," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 376-410, May.
    13. Kim, Soon-Ho & Lee, Kuan-Hui, 2014. "Pricing of liquidity risks: Evidence from multiple liquidity measures," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 112-133.
    14. Zhang, Yiming & Wang, Guanying, 2020. "Compensation for illiquidity in China: Evidence from an alternative measure," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    15. Díaz, Antonio & Escribano, Ana, 2022. "Liquidity dimensions in the U.S. corporate bond market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1163-1179.
    16. Hanselaar, Rogier M. & Stulz, René M. & van Dijk, Mathijs A., 2019. "Do firms issue more equity when markets become more liquid?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(1), pages 64-82.
    17. Belkhir, Mohamed & Saad, Mohsen & Samet, Anis, 2020. "Stock extreme illiquidity and the cost of capital," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    18. Eduardo Bered Fernandes Vieira & Tiago Pascoal Filomena, 2020. "Liquidity Constraints for Portfolio Selection Based on Financial Volume," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 56(4), pages 1055-1077, December.
    19. Dang, Tung Lam & Nguyen, Thi Minh Hue, 2020. "Liquidity risk and stock performance during the financial crisis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    20. Apergis, Nicholas & Lau, Chi Keung & Xu, Bing, 2023. "The impact of COVID-19 on stock market liquidity: Fresh evidence on listed Chinese firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wrk:warwec:1211. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Margaret Nash (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/dewaruk.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.