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Bullen, Bären, Krisen. Fatale Folgen idealistischer Wirtschaftstheorien

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  • Stephan Schulmeister

Abstract

In den Wirtschaftswissenschaften lassen sich zwei Theorietypen unterscheiden: Die "idealistische Ökonomie" geht von einem Idealzustand aus und untersucht die Bedingungen, unter denen dieser erreicht werden kann wie die Eigenschaften des "homo oeconomicus". Die „realistische Ökonomie“ geht vom Konkreten aus und berücksichtigt (daher) die "Polaritäten" des "homo humanus", der seine Erwartungen unter Unsicherheit bildet. Die Abfolge von Prosperität und Krise ("langer Zyklus") wird durch die Abfolge in der Dominanz realistischer bzw. idealistischer Theorien geprägt. So diente der Keynesianismus im "golden age" der 1950er- und 1960er-Jahre als "Navigationskarte" der Politik, die nachfolgende Krisenphase wurde umgekehrt von der restaurierten Neoklassik geprägt. Sie legitimierte die Liberalisierung der Finanzmärkte, deren "manisch-depressive" Schwankungen die Investitionsbereitschaft der Unternehmer und damit das Wirtschaftswachstum nachhaltig dämpften. Zusätzlich trugen die damit verbundenen Bewertungsänderungen von Vermögen und Verbindlichkeiten wesentlich zum Entstehen von Schulden- und Finanzkrisen bei.

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  • Stephan Schulmeister, 2019. "Bullen, Bären, Krisen. Fatale Folgen idealistischer Wirtschaftstheorien," WIFO Working Papers 590, WIFO.
    • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2019:i:590
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    References listed on IDEAS

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