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Energy and Carbon Taxes in the EU. Empirical Evidence with Focus on the Transport Sector

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Kettner-Marx
  • Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig

    (WIFO)

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of energy and (implicit) CO2 taxation in the EU member countries. Against the background of the EU energy taxation directives, energy and implicit CO2 tax rates in the EU countries are discussed, focussing on taxation in the transport sector as a major non-ETS emitter. Empirical evidence on the impact of energy and carbon taxes on energy use and emissions is presented and the economic and distributional effects of energy and carbon taxes are then discussed. Research on energy price elasticities suggests that energy and carbon taxation can make a significant contribution towards achieving emission reductions, particularly in the transport sector where greenhouse gas emissions continue to be on the rise in the EU. Evidence on the economic impacts of energy and carbon taxes furthermore shows that a double divided can be achieved. With respect to the distributional impacts of carbon and energy taxes evidence is, however, mixed. While empirical studies generally negate regressive effects for taxes on transport fuels, energy and carbon taxes on heating fuels tend to be found regressive.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Kettner-Marx & Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig, 2018. "Energy and Carbon Taxes in the EU. Empirical Evidence with Focus on the Transport Sector," WIFO Working Papers 555, WIFO.
    • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2018:i:555
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    File URL: https://www.wifo.ac.at/wwa/pubid/60972
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Claudia Kettner-Marx & Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig, 2018. "Carbon Taxes from an Economic Perspective," WIFO Working Papers 554, WIFO.
    2. Vollebergh, Herman & van der Werf, Edwin & Vogel, Johanna, 2023. "A descriptive framework to evaluate instrument packages for the low-carbon transition," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    3. Stefan E. Weishaar, 2018. "Carbon Taxes at EU Level. Introduction Issues and Barriers," WIFO Working Papers 556, WIFO.
    4. Rainer Niemann & Ulrich Schreiber, 2020. "Herausforderungen und Entwicklungsperspektiven des Steuersystems [Challenges and Development Perspectives of the Tax System]," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 72(1), pages 1-48, March.
    5. Claudia Kettner-Marx & Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig & Mathias Kirchner & Mark Sommer & Kurt Kratena & Stefan E. Weishaar & Irene Burgers, 2018. "CATs – Carbon Taxes in Austria. Implementation Issues and Impacts," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61185.
    6. Karimu, Amin & Bali Swain, Ranjula, 2023. "Implication of electricity taxes and levies on sustainable development goals in the European Union," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    7. Irene Burgers & Stefan E. Weishaar, 2018. "Designing Carbon Taxes Is Not an Easy Task. Legal Perspectives," WIFO Working Papers 559, WIFO.
    8. Claudia Kettner-Marx & Mathias Kirchner & Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig & Mark Sommer & Kurt Kratena & Stefan E. Weishaar & Irene Burgers, 2018. "CATs – Options and Considerations for a Carbon Tax in Austria. Policy Brief," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 60998.

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    Keywords

    EU Member States; Energy taxation; carbon taxation; distributional effects; environmental impact; macroeconomic effects;
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